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Coronary and cerebral thrombosis in a young patient after mild COVID-19 illness: a case report.

ABSTRACT:

Background

COVID-19 has spread worldwide and has caused significant morbidity and mortality. Myocardial injury and thrombo-embolism are known complications for those with severe forms of disease. The incidence and risk factors for these complications for those patients who are asymptomatic or with mild forms of COVID-19 is unknown.

Case summary

In this report we describe the case of a 35-year-old man with no past cardiac history who presented with chest pain and a high-sensitivity troponin level of 386 ng/L in the context of an unspecified mild viral illness 1 month previously. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a new cardiomyopathy, left ventricular thrombus, and mid right coronary artery thrombosis. The coronary thrombosis was treated with thrombectomy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies returned positive. He initially did well post-procedure; however, prior to discharge, he developed a second arterial thrombo-embolism event, a middle cerebral artery stroke. He was treated with thrombectomy and remains hospitalized.

Discussion

Recognition that mild COVID-19 can be complicated by subsequent cardiac injury and/or coagulopathy is important. As more people recover from this viral illness and return to normal activity levels, discussion among cardiac experts has begun regarding screening for occult myocardial injury in those who plan to resume competitive athletic activity. This case highlights the need for investigation regarding (i) the duration of thrombophilia after recovery from illness; (ii) the population that should receive thromboprophylaxis; and (iii) the duration of thromboprophylaxis therapy for COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Ranard LS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7543370 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionThe spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, raising significant concerns. COVID-19 can lead to thrombotic complications such as acute limb ischemia (ALI). In patients with COVID-19, thrombotic complications may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.Presentation of caseWe report the case of a 37-year-old man who presented with a 2 weeks history of right foot pain, toes blackish discoloration, and numbness. He tested positive for COVID-19 10 days prior to his presentation. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the lower limbs revealed near-complete occlusion of the right popliteal artery with single-vessel posterior tibial artery runoff. The patient was brought to a hybrid operating room, and diagnostic angiography confirmed the diagnosis. He underwent popliteal artery thromboembolectomy and intraoperative thrombolysis through a posterior approach. A completion angiography demonstrated a patent popliteal artery with a 2-vessels patency to the foot. His postoperative recovery was uneventful. After surgery, the popliteal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial arteries were all palpable. The patient was discharged home on antiplatelet therapy with frequent postoperative follow-ups during the last 1 year in our outpatient clinic.DiscussionThe frequency of ALI has reduced worldwide, and the hypercoagulable condition remains an infrequent cause of limb ischemia. Patients with COVID-19 have a 35%-45% thromboembolic complication rate. In many studies, the virus launches a second attack between 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, possibly causing hypercoagulability. If conservative treatment fails, various surgical methods, including thromboembolectomy, thrombolysis, and thrombosuction, can be performed to treat ALI.ConclusionIn mild ALI symptoms, unfractionated heparin can be used with vigilant follow-up. Open and endovascular procedures are currently used to treat patients with acute limb ischemia, and technological advancements continue to make interventions easier and safer.