Dataset Information

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Sex Differences in Morbidity and Mortality of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Among African Children

ABSTRACT: Context: Although biological sex influences Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRIs) morbidity and mortality patterns in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, the exact mechanism about the effect is unknown. Objective: We assessed the quality and strength of evidence on the association of sex with incidence, etiology, and outcomes of ALRI in African children. Data Sources, Study Selection, and Data Extraction: We systematically searched electronic databases for publications from 1971–2016 in PubMed, African Journals Online, and Google scholar for ALRI literature in the African children. We used (pneumonia OR bronchiolitis OR “community-acquired pneumonia” OR CAP OR “hospital-acquired pneumonia” OR “nosocomial pneumonia” OR “ventilator-acquired pneumonia” OR “lung abscess” OR “pleural effusion” OR “empyema thoracis”) AND (sex OR gender) AND (Africa OR Sub-Saharan) as search terms. We included the published peer-reviewed journal articles reporting on incidence, etiology, and case fatality. We summarized the findings using narrative and meta-analysis methods. Results: We included 14 studies with sex-related data; the median (IQR) number of reported pneumonia cases was 148 (87–770) and 114 (56–599) for male and female patients, respectively. Only two studies reported a sex-specific incidence. The odds of sex were in favor of male sex, and the chances of identification of Respiratory Syncytia Virus (RSV) were significantly lower in males than in females (OR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.86). Estimates from 9 studies showed that the death rate for males was significantly higher than for females (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.20–1.33). Conclusions: Sex-disaggregated data on incidence, etiology, and case fatality of pneumonia are scarcely reported in studies published in Africa. However, males appear to die more often than females, and females more likely to have RSV infection.

SUBMITTER: Orimadegun A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7544245 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background Respiratory infectious complications remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with hematological malignancies. Knowledge regarding the lung microbiome in aforementioned children is limited. Methods A prospective cohort was conducted, enrolling 16 children with hematological malignancies complicated with moderate-to-severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) versus 21 LRTI children with age, gender, weight, and infection severity matched, with no underlying malignancies, to evaluate the lung microbiome from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples in different groups. Results The lung microbiome from children with hematological malignancies and LRTIs showed obviously decreased α and β diversity; increased microbial function in infectious disease:bacteria/parasite; drug resistance:antimicrobial and human pathogenesis than the control group; a significantly reduced proportion of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota; increased Proteobacteria at the phylum level; and distinctly elevated Parabacteroides, Klebsiella, Grimontia, Escherichia_Shigella, unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae at the genus level than the control group. Furthermore, it was revealed that α diversity (Shannon), β diversity (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), Proteobacteria at the phylum level, and unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia_Shigella at the genus level were significantly negatively associated with hospitalization course whereas Firmicutes at the phylum level was established positively correlated with the hospitalization course. Conclusions Children with hematological malignancies and LRTIs showed obviously decreased α and β diversity, significantly increased function in infectious disease pathogenesis, antimicrobial drug resistance, and unfavorable environment tolerance. Moreover, α diversity (Shannon), β diversity (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), and Proteobacteria may be used as negative correlated predictors for hospitalization course in these children whereas Firmicutes may be utilized as a positive correlated predictor.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Although the burden of influenza is often discussed in the context of historical pandemics and the threat of future pandemics, every year a substantial burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and other respiratory conditions (like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are attributable to seasonal influenza. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 is a systematic scientific effort to quantify the health loss associated with a comprehensive set of diseases and disabilities. In this Article, we focus on LRTIs that can be attributed to influenza. METHODS:We modelled the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality attributable to influenza for every country and selected subnational locations by age and year from 1990 to 2017 as part of GBD 2017. We used a counterfactual approach that first estimated the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality and then attributed a fraction of those outcomes to influenza. FINDINGS:Influenza LRTI was responsible for an estimated 145 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 000-200 000) deaths among all ages in 2017. The influenza LRTI mortality rate was highest among adults older than 70 years (16·4 deaths per 100 000 [95% UI 11·6-21·9]), and the highest rate among all ages was in eastern Europe (5·2 per 100 000 population [95% UI 3·5-7·2]). We estimated that influenza LRTIs accounted for 9 459 000 (95% UI 3 709 000-22 935 000) hospitalisations due to LRTIs and 81 536 000 hospital days (24 330 000-259 851 000). We estimated that 11·5% (95% UI 10·0-12·9) of LRTI episodes were attributable to influenza, corresponding to 54 481 000 (38 465 000-73 864 000) episodes and 8 172 000 severe episodes (5 000 000-13 296 000). INTERPRETATION:This comprehensive assessment of the burden of influenza LRTIs shows the substantial annual effect of influenza on global health. Although preparedness planning will be important for potential pandemics, health loss due to seasonal influenza LRTIs should not be overlooked, and vaccine use should be considered. Efforts to improve influenza prevention measures are needed. FUNDING:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Dataset Information

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Sex Differences in Morbidity and Mortality of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Among African Children

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets