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The effect of cigarette smoking history on autonomic and cerebral oxygenation responses to an acute exercise bout in smokers.

ABSTRACT: The extent of smoking history is causally linked to adverse cerebro- and cardiovascular health outcomes, while conversely, exercise decreases this risk and associated mortality. However, the acute cerebro- and cardiovascular responses to exercise in smokers are unknown, and may provide insight to understand chronic adaptation. This study examined the acute heart rate (HR) variability (R-R intervals) and cerebral oxygenation responses to exercise in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Fifty-four males classified as smokers (n = 27) or nonsmokers (n = 27) were allocated into either younger (YSM, YNS) or middle-aged groups (MSM, MNS). Participants completed 40 min of stationary cycle ergometry at 50% of VO2peak. Cerebral oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) and autonomic function (HR variability) were collected before, during, and after exercise at 0, 30 min, 1, and 4 hr postexercise. The nonsmoker cohort (MNS and YNS) demonstrated higher values for the standard deviation (SD) of the R-R interval (SDNN) and the root mean squared of the SD at 1 and 4 hr postexercise versus smokers (p < .05). The low frequency (LF) band in YSM was lower than in YNS at 1 hr (p < .05). However, LF and high frequency were higher for MNS compared to MSM at 1 hr (p < .05). Oxygenated hemoglobin during and following exercise were elevated in NS with values for MSM lower than YSM (p < .05). The findings show smoking history can affect cerebral oxygenation during and following an acute exercise bout. Further, following exercise, smokers may exhibit a delay or inhibition in parasympathetic activity.

SUBMITTER: Hartmann TE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7548394 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effect of cigarette smoking history on autonomic and cerebral oxygenation responses to an acute exercise bout in smokers.

Hartmann Tegan E TE Marino Frank E FE Duffield Rob R

Physiological reports 20201001 19

The extent of smoking history is causally linked to adverse cerebro- and cardiovascular health outcomes, while conversely, exercise decreases this risk and associated mortality. However, the acute cerebro- and cardiovascular responses to exercise in smokers are unknown, and may provide insight to understand chronic adaptation. This study examined the acute heart rate (HR) variability (R-R intervals) and cerebral oxygenation responses to exercise in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Fifty-four male ...[more]

PMID: 33043641

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Pleasure is a key factor for physical activity behavior in sedentary individuals. Inhibitory cognitive control may play an important role in pleasure perception while exercising, especially at high intensities. In addition, separate work suggests that autonomic regulation and cerebral hemodynamics influence the affective and cognitive responses during exercise. PURPOSE:We investigated the effects of exercise intensity on affect, inhibitory control, cardiac autonomic function, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation. METHODS:Thirty-seven sedentary young adults performed two experimental conditions (exercise and control) in separate sessions in a repeated-measures design. In the exercise condition, participants performed a maximum graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer as we continuously measured oxygen consumption, heart rate variability (HRV), and PFC oxygenation. At each of 8 intensity levels we also measured inhibitory control (Stroop test), associative and dissociative thoughts (ADT), and affective/pleasure ratings. In the control condition, participants sat motionless on a cycle ergometer without active pedaling, and we collected the same measures at the same points in time as the exercise condition. We evaluated the main effects and interactions of exercise condition and intensity level for each measure using two-way repeated measures ANOVAs. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between affect and inhibitory control, ADT, HRV, and PFC oxygenation using Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS:For exercise intensities below and at the ventilatory threshold (VT), participants reported feeling neutral, with preservation of inhibitory control, while intensities above the VT were associated with displeasure (p<0.001), decreased inhibitory control and HRV (p<0.001), and increased PFC oxygenation (p<0.001). At the highest exercise intensity, pleasure was correlated with the low-frequency index of HRV (r = -0.34; p<0.05) and the low-frequency/high-frequency HRV ratio (r = -0.33; p<0.05). PFC deoxyhemoglobin was correlated with pleasure two stages above the VT (r = -0.37; p<0.05). CONCLUSION:Our results support the notion that exercise at high intensities influences inhibitory control and one's perception of pleasure, which are linked to changes in cardiac autonomic control and cerebral hemodynamics. These findings strengthen the existence of an integrated brain-heart-body system and highlight the importance of exercise intensity in exercise-related behavior in sedentary individuals.

Project description:IntroductionThis study examined the association between the introduction of an e-cigarette and subsequent change in cigarette smoking among smokers who were not immediately interested in quitting.Aims and methodsThe Moment Study was a 21-day intensive longitudinal study with an online follow-up survey at 30 days. After observing baseline cigarette smoking for 1 week, participants received 10 cigalike e-cigarettes on study days 6 and 13. Participants reported cigarettes per day, e-cigarette puffs per day, and e-cigarette satisfaction using text-message-based surveys.ResultsThe sample of 96 daily smokers was majority female (53.1%), African American (67.7%), and non-Hispanic (95.8%). When e-cigarettes were provided (day 6), average cigarettes per day dropped by 1.82 cigarettes (p < .0001). The within-person e-cigarette puff effect on daily cigarette smoking was significantly negative (β = -0.023; p = .005); a participant who consumed 100 more e-cigarette puffs in a day than usual for that person was expected to smoke 2.3 fewer cigarettes that day, but this was only true for non-menthol smokers (p = .006). Smokers older than 45 and those who started smoking at a younger age rated e-cigarettes as less satisfying (ps < .05). Participants with greater than the median reported satisfaction were 6.5 times more likely to use an e-cigarette at follow-up.ConclusionsGiving e-cigarettes to smokers who did not intend to quit reduced their cigarette smoking on days when they used e-cigarette more frequently, but this relationship did not hold for menthol smokers. Satisfaction with e-cigarette use was predictive of continued use 30 days later.ImplicationsA greater amount of cigalike e-cigarette use resulted in less smoking among adult daily smokers without immediate plans to quit, but a lack of nicotine delivery and satisfaction for these devices may have limited their utility as a replacement for cigarette smoking, especially among menthol smokers. The global concept of "satisfaction" may be an important driver of e-cigarette use among adult smokers.

Dataset Information

The effect of cigarette smoking history on autonomic and cerebral oxygenation responses to an acute exercise bout in smokers.

Publications

The effect of cigarette smoking history on autonomic and cerebral oxygenation responses to an acute exercise bout in smokers.

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