Dataset Information

The impact of smartphone use on gait in young adults: Cognitive load vs posture of texting.

ABSTRACT: Many researches have reported that the use of smartphones has a negative impact on gait variability and speed of pedestrians by dispersion of cognition, but the influence of factors other than cognitive function on gait is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of smartphone use on spatiotemporal gait parameters in healthy young people while walking. 42 healthy young adults were recruited and instructed to walk in four conditions (walking without using a smartphone, typing on a smartphone with both hands, typing on a smartphone with one hand, and texting posture with non-task). All spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured using the GAITRite walkway. Compared to walking without using a smartphone, the subjects walked with a slower cadence and velocity and changed stride length and gait cycle and spent more time in contact with the ground when using a smartphone (p < 0.05). In addition, even if a texting posture was taken without performing a task, a similar change was observed when using a smartphone (p < 0.05). This study found that a cautious gait pattern occurred due to smartphone use, and that a change in gait appeared just by taking a posture without using smartphone.

SUBMITTER: Kim SH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7549775 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The impact of smartphone use on gait in young adults: Cognitive load vs posture of texting.

Kim Sung-Hyeon SH Jung Jin-Hwa JH Shin Ho-Jin HJ Hahm Suk-Chan SC Cho Hwi-Young HY

PloS one 20201012 10

Many researches have reported that the use of smartphones has a negative impact on gait variability and speed of pedestrians by dispersion of cognition, but the influence of factors other than cognitive function on gait is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of smartphone use on spatiotemporal gait parameters in healthy young people while walking. 42 healthy young adults were recruited and instructed to walk in four conditions (walking without using a smartphon ...[more]

PMID: 33044974

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Project description:Introduction: Falls and fall-related injuries in young male adults with excess weight are closely related to an increased cognitive load. Previous research mainly focuses on analyzing the postural control status of these populations performing cognitive tasks while stabilized walking progress but overlooked a specific period of walking known as gait initiation (GI). It is yet unknown the influences of cognitive load on this population's postural control status during GI. Objective: This study aimed to determine the influences of cognitive load on the center of pressure (CoP) trajectory of young male adults with excess weight during GI. Design: A controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-six male undergraduate students were recruited and divided into normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). Participants' CoP parameters during GI under single and dual-task conditions were collected by two force platforms. A mixed ANOVA was utilized to detect significant differences. Results: Compared with the normal-weight group, the obese group showed significant changes in the duration and CoP parameters during sub-phases of GI, mainly reflecting prolonged duration, increased CoP path length, higher mediolateral CoP displacement amplitude, and decreased velocity of anteroposterior CoP displacement. During GI with 1-back task, significantly increased mediolateral CoP displacement amplitude occurred in the obese group. During GI with 2-back task, the obese group had increased CoP path length, higher mediolateral CoP displacement amplitude, as well as a decreased velocity of CoP displacement. Conclusion: Based on the changes in CoP parameters during GI with cognitive tasks, young male adults with excess weight, mainly obese ones, have compromised postural stability. During GI with a difficult cognitive task, obese young male adults are more susceptible to deterioration in their lateral postural balance. These findings indicate that the increased cognitive load could exacerbate obese young male adults' postural control difficulty during GI under dual-task conditions, putting them at a higher risk of experiencing incidents of falls. Based on these findings, we offer suggestions for therapists to intervene with these young male adults to ensure their safety of GI.

Project description:ObjectivesMobile phone texting is a common daily occurrence with a paucity of research examining corresponding gait characteristics. To date, most studies have participants walk in a straight line vs. overcoming barriers and obstacles that occur during regular walking. The aim of our study is to examine the effect of mobile phone texting during periods of cognitive distraction while walking and negotiating barriers synonymous with pedestrian traffic.MethodsThirty participants (18-50 y) completed three randomized, counter-balanced walking tasks over a course during: (1) normal walking (control), (2) texting and walking, and (3) texting and walking whilst being cognitively distraction via a standard mathematical test performed while negotiating the obstacle course. We analyzed gait characteristics during course negotiation using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system and a general linear model and Dunnet-Hsu post-hoc procedure the normal walking condition to assess gait characteristic differences. Primary outcomes included the overall time to complete the course time and barrier contact. Secondary outcomes included obstacle clearance height, step frequency, step time, double support phase and lateral deviation.ResultsParticipants took significantly longer (mean ± SD) to complete the course while texting (24.96 ± 4.20 sec) and during cognitive distraction COG (24.09 ± 3.36 sec) vs. normal walking (19.32 ± 2.28 sec; all, P<0.001). No significant differences were noted for barrier contacts (P = 0.28). Step frequency, step time, double support phase and lateral deviation all increased in duration during the texting and cognitive distraction trial. Texting and being cognitively distracted also increased obstacle clearance versus the walking condition (all, P<0.02).ConclusionsTexting while walking and/or being cognitively distracted significantly affect gait characteristics concordant to mobile phone usage resulting in a more cautious gate pattern. Future research should also examine a similar study in older participants who may be at a greater risk of tripping with such walking deviations.

Project description:IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the possible associations between problematic smartphone use and brain functions in terms of both static and dynamic functional connectivity patterns.Materials and methodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were scanned from 53 young healthy adults, all of whom completed the Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) to assess their problematic smartphone use severity. Both static and dynamic functional brain network measures were evaluated for each participant. The brain network measures were correlated the SAS-SV scores, and compared between participants with and without a problematic smartphone use after adjusting for sex, age, education, and head motion.ResultsTwo participants were excluded because of excessive head motion, and 56.9% (29/51) of the final analyzed participants were found to have a problematic smartphone use (SAS-SV scores ≥ 31 for males and ≥ 33 for females, as proposed in prior research). At the global network level, the SAS-SV score was found to be significantly positively correlated with the global efficiency and local efficiency of static brain networks, and negatively correlated with the temporal variability using the dynamic brain network model. Large-scale subnetwork analyses indicated that a higher SAS-SV score was significantly associated with higher strengths of static functional connectivity within the frontoparietal and cinguloopercular subnetworks, as well as a lower temporal variability of dynamic functional connectivity patterns within the attention subnetwork. However, no significant differences were found when directly comparing between the groups of participants with and without a problematic smartphone use.ConclusionOur results suggested that problematic smartphone use is associated with differences in both the static and dynamic brain network organizations in young adults. These findings may help to identify at-risk population for smartphone addiction and guide targeted interventions for further research. Nevertheless, it might be necessary to confirm our findings in a larger sample, and to investigate if a more applicable SAS-SV cutoff point is required for defining problematic smartphone use in young Chinese adults nowadays.

Dataset Information

The impact of smartphone use on gait in young adults: Cognitive load vs posture of texting.

Publications

The impact of smartphone use on gait in young adults: Cognitive load vs posture of texting.

Similar Datasets

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