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Effect of Maternal Diet and Milk Lipid Composition on the Infant Gut and Maternal Milk Microbiomes.

ABSTRACT: Inter-subject variability in human milk microbiome is well known; however, its origins and possible relationship to the mother's diet are still debated. We investigated associations between maternal nutrition, milk fatty acids composition and microbiomes in mother-infant dyads. Breast milk and infant fecal samples were collected across three time points (one week, one month and three months postpartum) from 22 mother-infant pairs. Food frequency questionnaires for the months of pregnancy and three months postpartum were collected. Milk fatty acids were analyzed by GC-MS and the microbiome in breast milk and infant feces was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Statistical interactions were computed using Spearman's method and corrected for multiple comparisons. We found significant negative correlation between Streptococcus relative abundance in maternal milk and intake of unsaturated fatty acids and folic acid at one month postpartum. At three months postpartum, vitamin B-12 consumption was significantly associated with a single operational taxonomic unit belonging to Streptococcus. Comparison between milk microbiome and lipid composition showed, one-month postpartum, significant negative correlation between Streptococcus relative abundance and the abundance of oleic acid. Additional correlations were detected between Staphylococcus hominis and two medium-chain saturated fatty acids. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that maternal nutrition may affect milk microbiome.

SUBMITTER: Babakobi MD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7551594 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Maternal Diet and Milk Lipid Composition on the Infant Gut and Maternal Milk Microbiomes.

Babakobi Michal Dayagi MD Reshef Leah L Gihaz Shalev S Belgorodsky Bogdan B Fishman Ayelet A Bujanover Yoram Y Gophna Uri U

Nutrients 20200821 9

Inter-subject variability in human milk microbiome is well known; however, its origins and possible relationship to the mother's diet are still debated. We investigated associations between maternal nutrition, milk fatty acids composition and microbiomes in mother-infant dyads. Breast milk and infant fecal samples were collected across three time points (one week, one month and three months postpartum) from 22 mother-infant pairs. Food frequency questionnaires for the months of pregnancy and thr ...[more]

PMID: 32825705

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Project description:Background - Prepregnancy overweight and obesity promote deleterious health impacts on both mothers during pregnancy and the offspring. Significant changes in the maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) gene expression due to obesity are well-known. However, during pregnancy the impact of overweight on immune cell gene expression and its association with maternal and infant outcomes is not well explored. Methods – Blood samples were collected from healthy normal weight (NW, BMI 18.5-24.9) or overweight (OW, BMI 25-29.9) 2nd parity pregnant women at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. PBMCs were isolated from the blood and subjected to mRNA sequencing. Maternal and infant microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Integrative multi-omics data analysis was performed to evaluate the association of gene expression with maternal diet, gut microbiota, milk composition, and infant gut microbiota. Results - Gene expression analysis revealed that 453 genes were differentially expressed in the OW women compared to NW women at 12 weeks of pregnancy, out of which 354 were upregulated and 99 were downregulated. Several up-regulated genes in the OW group were enriched in inflammatory, chemokine-mediated signaling and regulation of interleukin-8 production-related pathways. At 36 weeks of pregnancy healthy eating index score was positively associated with several genes that include, DTD1, ELOC, GALNT8, ITGA6-AS1, KRT17P2, NPW, POT1-AS1 and RPL26. In addition, at 36 weeks of pregnancy, genes involved in adipocyte functions, such as NG2 and SMTNL1, were negatively correlated to human milk 2’FL and total fucosylated oligosaccharides content collected at 1 month postnatally. Furthermore, infant Akkermansia was positively associated with maternal PBMC anti-inflammatory genes that include CPS1 and RAB7B, at 12 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusions – These findings suggest that prepregnancy overweight impacts the immune cell gene expression profile, particularly at 12 weeks of pregnancy. Further, deciphering the complex association of PBMC’s gene expression levels with maternal gut microbiome and milk composition and infant gut microbiome may aid in developing strategies to mitigate obesity-mediated effects.

Project description:ContextExclusive breastfeeding for 6 months after birth provides infants with the best start for life. A review by Bravi et al. summarized the importance of maternal diet as a determinant of human milk composition based on data up to 2015, but evidence on nutrient intake level was limited.ObjectiveWe updated the review by Bravi et al., critically assessed differences in study designs and sampling methods, and graphically visualized trends and associations.Data sourcesPubMed was systematically searched for articles published between January 2015 and March 2021.Data extractionArticle screening, selection, and data extraction was done by two independent researchers, including a risk of bias assessment based on 11 criteria. Articles were eligible when including: quantitative information, commonly used effect estimates, healthy mother-infant dyads.ResultsTwenty seven observational and five intervention studies were identified (n = 7,138) and combined with results of Bravi et al. Fatty acids were still the most studied human milk components in relation to maternal diet (n = 17 studies) with maternal fish intake being predominantly positively associated with milk ALA (r = 0.28-0.42), DHA (r = 0.24-0.46), and EPA (r = 0.25-0.28) content. PUFAs from diet were generally positively correlated with their concentrations in milk, while SFA intake was negatively associated with several fatty acids in milk. Studies on associations with maternal diet and milk carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals were limited in number and varied in methods and results.ConclusionThis updated review shows that evidence on the association between maternal diet and human milk fatty acids is rapidly increasing, but still diversified in methodology and results. Further studies, preferably intervention studies, assessing diet and milk carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals are needed to be able draw conclusions on the importance of maternal diet for human milk composition as a whole.

Dataset Information

Effect of Maternal Diet and Milk Lipid Composition on the Infant Gut and Maternal Milk Microbiomes.

Publications

Effect of Maternal Diet and Milk Lipid Composition on the Infant Gut and Maternal Milk Microbiomes.

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