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Bioprinting in the Russian Federation: Can Russians Compete?

ABSTRACT: Bioprinting is a rapidly emerging biomedical research field. Three-dimensional bioprinting is defined as a robotic additive, layer-by-layer biofabrication of functional tissues and organs from living cells, and biomaterials according to a digital model. Bioprinting can revolutionize medicine by automated robotic production of human tissues and organs suitable for transplantation. Bioprinting is based on sophisticated high technology, and it is obvious that only technologically advanced countries can make a real contribution to this rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field. In this paper, we present main Russia's achievements in bioprinting. Here, we also discuss challenges and perspectives of bioprinting research and development in Russia. Russian researchers already made some impressive contributions with long-lasting impact and they have capacities, potential, and ambitions to continue contribute to the advancements of bioprinting.

SUBMITTER: Timashev P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7557341 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bioprinting in the Russian Federation: Can Russians Compete?

Timashev Peter P Mironov Vladimir V

International journal of bioprinting 20200724 3

Bioprinting is a rapidly emerging biomedical research field. Three-dimensional bioprinting is defined as a robotic additive, layer-by-layer biofabrication of functional tissues and organs from living cells, and biomaterials according to a digital model. Bioprinting can revolutionize medicine by automated robotic production of human tissues and organs suitable for transplantation. Bioprinting is based on sophisticated high technology, and it is obvious that only technologically advanced countries ...[more]

PMID: 33088990

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Project description:The situation with cardiovascular (CV) burden in Russian population is alerting, and becomes of interest due to high CV mortality, and shorter lifespan if compare with the Western society amid the absence of the established monitoring or screening system for major CV risk factors. The purpose of this systematic epidemiological update was to explore CV burden in Russia. The study represents pooled results with a systematic epidemiological review of the national mass screening, selected randomized clinical trials and statistical datasets of the national public health CV institutions exploring the trends of the CV burden in all 83 regions of Russia. We overviewed data from a number of the available Russian-speaking national data sources of 2001-2014, and NANOM-FIM trial (NCT01270139) as the only available real-world population study. The CV diseases in Russia accounted for 54.9% of all deaths in 2011-2014. The death rate was 13.3 per 1,000 citizens with CV mortality of 653.9 per 100,000. The life expectancy achieves 64.3 years for male and 76.1 years for female. The mean age of pts in trial was 51.6 years (77.2% males). A total of 175 Russian PCI centers implemented 205,902 angio a year, and 75,378 PCI achieving 531 PCI per 1,000,000 with placement of 101,451 stents (1.37 stents per PCI; 48,057 DES). The smoking (17.3% of screened with a 2,786 cigarettes a year; 70.6% in trial), excessive alcohol consumption (1.8% of screened with a 11.6 L per year; 50.6% in trial), unhealthy Russian diet (abundance of carbohydrates/sugar, saturated and trans fats in 24.3% of screened), psychosocial factors (20%) and physical inactivity (19.6% of screened) remain the major modifiable risk factors. They, in turn, affect such risk factors as dyslipidemia (86.7% in trial), obesity (16.7% of screened; BMI in trial was 28.4), and hypertension (40.8% suffered; 86.1% in trial). CV mortality was not directly associated with a level of poverty (r=0.26, P=0.02) or socio-economic development (P>0.05) in regions. The documented 27% 10-year decline of CV mortality was interpreted as a success of the national policy. Mortality statistics show the stark reality of a high CV burden in Russia. New national program and aggressive emerging efforts are required to tackle CV diseases in Russia.

Project description:BackgroundThe liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, is widely distributed throughout Europe and large parts of the Russian Federation. In Western Siberia, information about opisthorchiasis is lacking although infection may lead to severe liver and bile duct diseases. We aimed to assess the current prevalence of O. felineus infection along with associated risk factors and morbidity in rural Western Siberia.MethodsWe conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in the rural Shegarskiy district, Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation. All household members (≥ 7 years) present on the survey day were enrolled (n = 600). Two stool samples per person were examined for helminth eggs, using PARASEP (DiaSys Ltd, UK). The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was recorded. Each study participant was interviewed to determine risk factors, using a pre-tested questionnaire. An abdominal ultrasonography examination of liver and bile ducts was performed with a mobile, high resolution ultrasound device. In total, 488 persons completed assessments (two stool samples, completed questionnaires); of those, 436 individuals had an ultrasonography (US) examination.ResultsWe observed a prevalence of O. felineus infection of 60.2%. Significant risk factors for infection were the consumption of river fish (odds ratio from adjusted analysis [aOR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.52-3.95, p<0.001), particularly stock fish (OR from multivariable analysis [mOR] 3.2, 95% CI 2.63-3.80, p<0.001), smoked fish (mOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.24-1.72, p<0.001), frozen fish (mOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.29-2.02, p<0.001), and raw fish (mOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.05-1.84, p = 0.02); and fishing activities (mOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03-1.43, p = 0.019). Women had a higher risk of infection than men. Infection was associated positively with age and negatively with socio-economic status. The respondents' general awareness of opisthorchiasis was quite high (93.2%), but their knowledge about infection transmission and prevention was insufficient. Children aged 7-18 years old had a lower level of awareness compared to adults. The abdominal ultrasonography results demonstrated a strong association between O. felineus infection and gallbladder stones (mOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.33-6.04, p = 0.007) and periductal fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts (mOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.08-3.46, p = 0.026).ConclusionO. felineus infection is highly prevalent in rural regions of Western Siberia, and associated with severe hepatobiliary pathology. Identified risk factors will be used to develop a comprehensive targeted O. felineus infection control program.

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Bioprinting in the Russian Federation: Can Russians Compete?

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Bioprinting in the Russian Federation: Can Russians Compete?

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