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The Proportion of Female Physician Links With Advanced Educational Opportunity for Female and by Female.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The overall proportion of female physician is increasing worldwide. However, its ratio exhibits a substantial diversity among each member country of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This study aimed to reveal the social factors of countries associated with the percentage of female physicians. METHODS:We retrieved the percentage of female physicians and social characteristic which may affect the ratio of female physicians of 36 OECD countries in 2016 or nearest year from the World Bank Open Data. Multivariate regression analysis was performed after univariate evaluations with Spearman's coefficient to explore correlation of social variables with the proportion of female physicians. RESULTS:The percentages of female adolescents who dropped out of school before lower secondary school, female population that attained or completed Master's or equivalent degree, female labour force, and female academic staff in tertiary education showed statistically significant correlation with proportion of female physicians (Spearman coefficient = -0.527, 0.585, 0.501, and 0.499; P=.01, .001, .002, and .008). Female's educational attainment at least Master's or equivalent and that of female academic staff at tertiary education were selected after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION:Our study revealed the relationships between advanced education opportunity and female participation in academic positions with the percentage of female physicians. Our research is limited in the difficulty to evaluate physicians' working hours in spite of its possible effect. Further studies with qualitative assessment are warranted to explore the detail reasons to cause gender gap in physician.

SUBMITTER: Senoo Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7557424 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Proportion of Female Physician Links With Advanced Educational Opportunity for Female and by Female.

Senoo Yuki Y Takita Morihito M Ozaki Akihiko A Kami Masahiro M

International journal of health policy and management 20200901 9

<h4>Background</h4>The overall proportion of female physician is increasing worldwide. However, its ratio exhibits a substantial diversity among each member country of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This study aimed to reveal the social factors of countries associated with the percentage of female physicians.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrieved the percentage of female physicians and social characteristic which may affect the ratio of female physicians of 36 OECD countrie ...[more]

PMID: 32610797

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Project description:ImportanceAlthough there have been signs of increasing interest in entrepreneurship among physicians as well as claims of a paucity of entrepreneurial activity in health care in general, there is little systematic evidence of the extent, type, and characteristics of entrepreneurship by physicians. Physician involvement in entrepreneurship may result in more innovative and financially successful health care companies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the proportion and characteristics of physicians who founded new businesses and the types of businesses that they started.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted by matching all 33 770 physicians holding a Massachusetts medical license in 2017 with the Massachusetts new business registration records from 1960 to 2017 to identify companies founded by physicians. Data were analyzed from September 2017 to December 2019.Main outcomes and measuresThe number of physician-founded companies in Massachusetts and the types of businesses as characterized by the stated purpose at the time of founding.ResultsAmong the 33 770 physicians holding a Massachusetts license in 2017, 13 839 (41.0%) were women and 8029 (23.8%) were international medical graduates; the median year of graduation from medical school was 1994 (interquartile range, 1983-2004). A total of 6494 (19.2%) physicians had founded at least 1 new business, and 831 of the 2448 physicians (33.9%) who graduated from medical school between 1974 and 1978 had founded a business. A total of 9501 companies were founded, of which 6267 (66.0%) were clinical practice, real estate, or practice management companies; 703 companies (7.4%) were in the public interest, including advocacy, public health, and philanthropy; 533 (5.6%) were biotechnology, health care information technology, or medical device companies; and 1759 (18.5%) were other business pursuits. For physician entrepreneurs, the mean (SD) time from medical school graduation to company founding was 20.2 (9.8) years. Regression analysis suggested that female physicians founded companies at lower rates than male physicians (odds ratio [OR], 0.529; 95% CI, 0.494-0.567) and that there was an association between attending a top-10 medical school by National Institutes of Health research funding and starting a clinical practice (OR, 0.687; 95% CI, 0.616-0.766) or biotechnology company (OR, 4.326; 95% CI, 2.951-6.344).Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that physicians may be substantially involved in entrepreneurship, although there may be disparities by sex. Facilitation of physician entrepreneurship by policy makers, educators, and institutions may enhance medical innovation and public health.

Project description:IntroductionIn the emergency department (ED), critical events, including death and severe illness, are not uncommon. Critical events involving children, while less frequent, may be especially distressing. Debriefing following a critical event may serve several purposes: review of team performance, education, identification of errors, emotional support, and planning for future events. Debriefing skills and habits learned during training may be carried forward throughout an emergency physician's career. This study evaluates how educators in emergency medicine (EM) view debriefing after pediatric critical events and identifies barriers to use of debriefing in postgraduate training programs.MethodsIn this cross-sectional observational study, we surveyed program directors (PDs) from EM residency and pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship programs via e-mail listserv. A panel of PEM experts and survey methodologists designed the survey, which was reviewed for content validity by an independent panel of EM educators. We obtained data on current debriefing practices following pediatric critical events, PDs' perceptions of ideal debriefing practices, and barriers to implementation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 109 PDs completed the survey (45% overall response rate). All respondents feel that debriefing pediatric critical events is useful. The majority of debriefings are initiated and led by emergency physicians as informal meetings shortly following a critical event. Debriefings are most commonly held following a patient death, although PDs feel that debriefings should also occur for other specific patient scenarios (e.g., child abuse). Barriers to debriefing include timing, scheduling, location, discomfort with debriefing, participant buy-in, and leader buy-in.ConclusionsProgram leaders in both EM and PEM believe that debriefing after pediatric critical events is important for training. Barriers to debriefing specific to the ED setting should be explored to optimize the implementation of this practice.

Dataset Information

The Proportion of Female Physician Links With Advanced Educational Opportunity for Female and by Female.

Publications

The Proportion of Female Physician Links With Advanced Educational Opportunity for Female and by Female.

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