Dataset Information

The Prevalence of Self-injurious Behaviour in Autism: A Meta-analytic Study.

ABSTRACT: Self-injurious behaviour is purportedly common in autism, but prevalence rates have not yet been synthesised meta-analytically. In the present study, data from 14,379 participants in thirty-seven papers were analysed to generate a pooled prevalence estimate of self-injury in autism of 42% (confidence intervals 0.38-0.47). Hand-hitting topography was the most common form of self-injury (23%), self-cutting topography the least common (3%). Sub-group analyses revealed no association between study quality, participant intellectual disability or age and overall prevalence rate of self-injury. However, females obtained higher prevalence rates than males (p?=?.013) and hair pulling and self-scratching were associated with intellectual disability (p?=?.008 and p?=?.002, respectively). The results confirm very high rates of self-injury in autism and highlight within group risk-markers.

SUBMITTER: Steenfeldt-Kristensen C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7557528 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Prevalence of Self-injurious Behaviour in Autism: A Meta-analytic Study.

Steenfeldt-Kristensen Catherine C Jones Chris A CA Richards Caroline C

Journal of autism and developmental disorders 20201101 11

Self-injurious behaviour is purportedly common in autism, but prevalence rates have not yet been synthesised meta-analytically. In the present study, data from 14,379 participants in thirty-seven papers were analysed to generate a pooled prevalence estimate of self-injury in autism of 42% (confidence intervals 0.38-0.47). Hand-hitting topography was the most common form of self-injury (23%), self-cutting topography the least common (3%). Sub-group analyses revealed no association between study q ...[more]

PMID: 32297123

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Project description:INTRODUCTION:The use of therapeutic body wraps (TBW) has been reported in small series or case reports, but has become controversial. OBJECTIVES:This is a feasibility, multicentre, randomized, controlled, open-label trial with blinded outcome assessment (PROBE design). SETTING:Children with autism and severe-injurious behaviours (SIB) were enrolled from 13 specialized clinics. INTERVENTIONS:Dry-sheet TBW (DRY group) vs. wet-sheet TBW (WET group). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:3-month change in the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist irritability score (ABC-irritability) within per-protocol (PP) sample. RESULTS:From January 2008 to January 2015, we recruited 48 children (age range: 5.9 to 9.9 years, 78.1% male). Seven patients (4 in the DRY group, 3 in the WET group) were dropped from the study early and were excluded from PP analysis. At endpoint, ABC-irritability significantly improved in both groups (means (standard deviation) = -11.15 (8.05) in the DRY group and -10.57 (9.29) in the WET group), as did the other ABC scores and the Children Autism Rating scale score. However, there was no significant difference between groups. All but 5 patients were rated as much or very much improved. A repeated-measures analysis confirmed the significant improvement in ABC-irritability scores according to time (p < .0001), with no significant difference between the two groups (group effect: p = .55; interaction time x group: p = .27). Pooling both groups together, the mean 3-month change from baseline in ABC-irritability score was -10.90 (effect size = 1.59, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS:We found that feasibility was overall satisfactory with a slow recruitment rate and a rather good attrition rate. TBW was a safe complementary therapy in this population. There was no difference between wet and dry TBW at 3 months, and ABC-irritability significantly decreased with both wet and dry sheet TBW. To assess whether TBW may constitute an alternative to medication or behavioural intervention for treating SIB in ASD patients, a larger randomized comparative trial (e.g. TBW vs. antipsychotics) is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03164746.

Project description:Behavior does not differentiate ASD risk prior to 12 months of age, but biomarkers may inform risk before symptoms emerge. Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) may be worth consideration due to their measurement properties (noninvasiveness; reliability) and conceptual features (well-characterized neural generators), but participant characteristics and assessment protocols vary considerably across studies. Our goal is to perform a meta-analysis of the association between ABRs and ASD. Following an electronic database search (PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, PsycArticles), we included papers that were written in English, included ASD and typically-developing (TD) groups, and reported the information needed to calculate standardized mean differences (Hedges's g) for at least one ABR latency component (I, III, V, I-III, III-V, I-V). We weighted and averaged effect sizes across conditions and subsets of participants to yield one estimate per component per study. We then performed random-effects regressions to generate component-specific estimates. ASD was associated with longer ABR latencies for Waves III (g?=?0.5, 95% CI 0.1, 0.9), V (g?=?0.7, 95% CI 0.3, 1.1), I-III (g?=?0.7, 95% CI 0.2, 1.2), and I-V (g?=?0.6, 95% CI 0.2, 1.0). All components showed significant heterogeneity. Associations were strongest among participants ?8 years of age and those without middle ear abnormalities or elevated auditory thresholds. In sum, associations between ABRs and ASD are medium-to-large in size, but exhibit heterogeneity. Identifying sources of heterogeneity is challenging, however, due to power limitations and co-occurrence of sample/design characteristics across studies. Research addressing the above limitations is crucial to determining the etiologic and/or prognostic value of ABRs for ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 916-927. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY:Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) may be associated with ASD, but participant characteristics and assessment protocols vary considerably across individual studies. Our goal is to combine the results across these studies to facilitate clarity on the topic. Doing so represents a first step in evaluating whether ABRs yield potential for informing the etiology of ASD risk and/or ASD symptom profiles.

Dataset Information

The Prevalence of Self-injurious Behaviour in Autism: A Meta-analytic Study.

Publications

The Prevalence of Self-injurious Behaviour in Autism: A Meta-analytic Study.

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