Dataset Information

Pituitary Actions of EGF on Gonadotropins, Growth Hormone, Prolactin and Somatolactins in Grass Carp.

ABSTRACT: In mammals, epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a vital role in both pituitary physiology and pathology. However, the functional role of EGF in the regulation of pituitary hormones has rarely reported in teleost. In our study, using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as an in vitro model, we examined the effects of EGF on pituitary hormone secretion and gene expression as well as the post-receptor signaling mechanisms involved. Firstly, we found that EGF significantly reduced luteinizing hormone (LH?) mRNA expression via ErbB1 coupled to ERK1/2 pathway, but had no effect on LH release in grass carp pituitary cells. Secondly, the results showed that EGF was effective in up-regulating mRNA expression of growth hormone (GH), somatolactin ? (SL?) and somatolactin ? (SL?) via ErbB1 and ErbB2 and subsequently coupled to MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, respectively. However, EGF was not effective in GH release in pituitary cells. Thirdly, we found that EGF strongly induced pituitary prolactin (PRL) release and mRNA expression, which was mediated by ErbB1 and subsequent stimulation of MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Interestingly, subsequent study further found that neurokinin B (NKB) significantly suppressed EGF-induced PRL mRNA expression, which was mediated by neurokinin receptor (NK2R) and coupled to AC/cAMP/PKA signal pathway. These results suggested that EGF could differently regulate the pituitary hormones expression in grass carp pituitary cells.

SUBMITTER: Hu Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7564354 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pituitary Actions of EGF on Gonadotropins, Growth Hormone, Prolactin and Somatolactins in Grass Carp.

Hu Qiongyao Q Qin Qinbo Q Xu Shaohua S Zhou Lingling L Xia Chuanhui C Shi Xuetao X Zhang Huiying H Jia Jingyi J Ye Cheng C Yin Zhan Z Hu Guangfu G

Biology 20200908 9

In mammals, epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a vital role in both pituitary physiology and pathology. However, the functional role of EGF in the regulation of pituitary hormones has rarely reported in teleost. In our study, using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as an in vitro model, we examined the effects of EGF on pituitary hormone secretion and gene expression as well as the post-receptor signaling mechanisms involved. Firstly, we found that EGF significantly reduced luteinizin ...[more]

PMID: 32911654

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Project description:Activin is involved in pituitary hormone regulation and its pituitary actions can be nullified by local production of its binding protein follistatin. In our recent study with grass carp, local release of growth hormone (GH) was shown to induce activin expression at pituitary level, which in turn could exert an intrapituitary feedback to inhibit GH synthesis and secretion. To further examine the activin/follistatin system in the carp pituitary, grass carp follistatin was cloned and confirmed to be single-copy gene widely expressed at tissue level. At the pituitary level, follistatin signals could be located in carp somatotrophs, gonadotrophs, and lactotrophs. Functional expression also revealed that carp follistatin was effective in neutralizing activin's action in stimulating target promoter with activin-responsive elements. In grass carp pituitary cells, follistatin co-treatment was found to revert activin inhibition on GH mRNA expression. Meanwhile, follistatin mRNA levels could be up-regulated by local production of activin but the opposite was true for dopaminergic activation with dopamine (DA) or its agonist apomorphine. Since GH stimulation by DA via pituitary D1 receptor is well-documented in fish models, the receptor specificity for follistatin regulation by DA was also investigated. Using a pharmacological approach, the inhibitory effect of DA on follistatin gene expression was confirmed to be mediated by pituitary D1 but not D2 receptor. Furthermore, activation of D1 receptor by the D1-specific agonist SKF77434 was also effective in blocking follistatin mRNA expression induced by activin and GH treatment both in carp pituitary cells as well as in carp somatotrophs enriched by density gradient centrifugation. These results, as a whole, suggest that activin can interact with dopaminergic input from the hypothalamus to regulate follistatin expression in carp pituitary, which may contribute to GH regulation by activin/follistatin system via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.

Project description:17?-estradiol (E2) is an important sex steroid produced by ovary and brain. In mammals, E2 plays an important role in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis to regulate puberty onset, however, little is known about the functional role of E2 in teleost pituitary. Using prepubertal grass carp as model, three nuclear estrogen receptors (nERs: estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta 1, and estrogen receptor beta 2) and two G protein-coupled estrogen receptors (GPER1: GPER1a and GPER1b) were isolated from grass carp pituitary. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that both nERs and GPERs were highly detected in grass carp pituitary, which suggested that E2 should play an important role in grass carp pituitary. Using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as model, high-throughput RNA-seq was used to examine the E2-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Transcriptomic analysis showed that E2 could significantly upregulate the expression of 28 genes in grass carp pituitary cells, which were characterized into different functions including reproduction, gonad development, and central nervous system development. Further studies confirmed that E2 could induce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and mRNA expression in prepubertal grass carp pituitary in vivo and in vitro. In the pituitary, LH and FSH regulation by E2 were mediated by both ER? and GPER1. Apparently, E2-induced LH? and FSH? mRNA expression were mediated by adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A, phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C, and Ca2+/calmodulin/CaM-dependent protein kinase II pathways. In addition to LH and FSH, E2 could also induce growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (a novel regulator for pituitary development) mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. These results, as a whole, suggested that E2 could play an important role in gonadotropin hormone release and pituitary development in prepubertal grass carp.

Project description:BackgroundThe role of anterior pituitary hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial.Aims and objectivesWe determined the expression levels of human growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and their receptors in subjects presenting with SLE, and modulation of disease severity.Materials and methodsForty-seven subjects and ten healthy controls were assessed for possible association between SLE disease activity and levels of serum PRL, GH and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), specific binding and mRNA expression of receptors for GH (GHR), and PRL (PRLR) were determined by receptor-ligand binding assay (RLBA) and RT-PCR. PBMC of recruited subjects were treated with hPRL and rhGH to assess IgG production and antibodies against dsDNA.ResultsIn active SLE subjects we found elevated PRL and GH levels. Study subject PBMCs displayed augmented GHR and PRLR protein and mRNA expression. Study subjects also showed a positive correlation in serum PRL levels and specific antibodies against dsDNA, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), and proteinuria. However, a negative correlation was found between serum PRL levels and complement component C3. We found a positive correlation between specific binding rates of PRLR and GHR and both SLE activity and dsDNA antibody titers. Enhanced IgG and anti-dsDNA secretion was observed in cultured PBMC stimulated by PRL or GH with/without PHA, PWM, IL-2 or IL-10. In active SLE, a close association was found between augmented PRL and GH levels, expression and specific binding activities of PRLR and GHR, and changes in the specific titer of anti-dsDNA.ConclusionAnterior pituitary hormones play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. High levels of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) play a role in pathogenesis of SLE, which is correlated with SLE disease activity and antibodies against dsDNA. The mechanism of GH and PRL in SLE was complicated and should be studied further.

Dataset Information

Pituitary Actions of EGF on Gonadotropins, Growth Hormone, Prolactin and Somatolactins in Grass Carp.

Publications

Pituitary Actions of EGF on Gonadotropins, Growth Hormone, Prolactin and Somatolactins in Grass Carp.

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