Bacterial Endocarditis Caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rognrud K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7569439 | biostudies-literature | 2020
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Bacterial Endocarditis Caused by <i>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</i>: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Rognrud Kara K Diaz Andrew M AM Hill Collin C Kershaw Melissa A MA
Case reports in infectious diseases 20201009
A 47-year-old male with no significant medical history was hospitalized for bacteremia and diagnosed with endocarditis. The organism isolated was a Gram-negative bacillus-<i>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</i>. There are only a few reported cases of endocarditis caused by <i>S. paucimobilis</i>, and to our knowledge, this is the first in the United States. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Lomentospora prolificans (formally Scedosporium prolificans) is an environmental mould with a global distribution. Endocarditis caused by L. prolificans is a rare but serious emerging disease in immunocompromised patients. Prior to this case there have only been eight cases reported in the literature. Diagnosis can be challenging and there are no evidence-based guidelines for treatment.We report a 75-year-old woman with ovarian carcinoma who presented with fever after chemotherapy. Repeated sterile site cultures remained negative until day 22 of admission, when Lomentospora prolificans was isolated from blood cultures. Following extensive investigations, including Fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and transoephageal echocardiography (TOE), the patient was diagnosed with endocarditis complicated by cerebral emboli. The patient was considered unsuitable for surgical intervention and passed away five days after the fungus was isolated.Endocarditis caused by Lomentospora prolificans is a rare but emerging condition, with limited treatment options and a high mortality. Awareness of the increasing incidence of Lomentospora prolificans infection, diagnosed often at an advanced stage, with potential for endocarditis may prompt earlier echocardiography or FDG-PET imaging. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal combination and duration of anti-fungal agents, used in conjunction with aggressive surgical excision where feasible.
| S-EPMC4731902 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Helcococcus kunzii is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that was first described by Collins et al. in 1993, and was initially considered as a commensal of the human skin, in particular of lower extremities. Human infections caused by H. kunzii remain rare with only a few cases published in the pubmed database. Nevertheless recent reports indicate that this microorganism has to be considered as an opportunistic pathogen that can be involved in severe infections in human. To the best of our knowledge, we describe here the first known case of infectious endocarditis caused by H. kunzii. CASE PRESENTATION:A 79 year-old man reporting severe polyvascular medical history attended the emergency ward for rapid deterioration of his general state of health. After physical examination and paraclinical investigations, the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis on native mitral valve caused by Helcococcus kunzii was established based on Dukes criteria. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing allowed an accurate identification to the species level of Helcococcus kunzii. The patient was successfully treated by a medico-surgical approach. The treatment consisted in intravenous amoxicillin during four weeks and mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthestic valve. After an in depth review of patient's medical file, the origin of infection remained unknown. However, a cutaneous portal of entry cannot be excluded as the patient and his General Practitioner reported chronic ulcerations of both feet. CONCLUSIONS:We describe here the first case of endocarditis caused by H. kunzii in an elderly patient with polyvascular disease. This report along with previous data found in the literature emphasizes the invasive potential of this bacterial species as an opportunistic pathogen, in particular for patient with polyvascular diseases. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing are reliable tools for H. kunzii identification. We also sequenced in this work H.kunzii type strain 103932T CIP and deposited in the Genbank under accession number KM403387. We noticed a 14 base difference between our sequence and the original sequence deposited by Collins et al. under Genbank accession number X69837. Hopefully, the spread of next generation sequencing tools would lead to a more accurate classification of clinical strains.
| S-EPMC4477501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Invasive infections due to Pseudomonas stutzeri have rarely been described and mainly occur in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of infective endocarditis caused by P. stutzeri after previous cardiac surgery in a Lebanese patient with Marfan syndrome. We review the literature and conclude that this pathogen may be of particular medical relevance in the Mediterranean Basin.
| S-EPMC5554981 | biostudies-other
Project description:We report the first case of endocarditis caused by Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and concisely review the English literature regarding bloodstream infections caused by Gordonia species.
| S-EPMC1479208 | biostudies-literature
Project description:NATIONALE:Trichosporon species are widely distributed in nature and are emerging opportunistic human pathogens. Trichosporon infections are associated with superficial cutaneous involvement in immunocompetent individuals to severe systemic disease in immunocompromised patients. Until now, there is no report in infective endocarditis by Trichosporon mucoides confirmed by molecular diagnostics PATIENT CONCERNS:: A 66-year-old man presented with a fever that had occurred for a period of 6 months. He had undergone aortic valve replacement 10 years prior. Transthoracic echocardiography showed vegetations on the prosthetic aortic valve and native mitral valve. T mucoides was detected in the cultures of blood and vegetations. DIAGNOSIS:DNA sequencing using D/D2 region of rRNA and internal transcribed spacer were performed. INTERVENTIONS:Infections were successfully controlled with valve replacement and voriconazole plus liposomal amphotericin B therapy. OUTCOMES:There has been no sign of recurrence for 18-months after treatment completion. LESSONS:This is the first reported case of infective endocarditis due to T mucoides. Clinicians should consider Trichosporon species as causative agents of endocarditis in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery.
| S-EPMC7544388 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Campylobacter rectus was isolated under routine anaerobic conditions (no additional hydrogen gas in the atmosphere) from an oral, nonperiodontal abscess from a patient with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. We report the first case of a palate abscess caused by C. rectus and review the literature and atmospheric requirements of this organism.
| S-EPMC2650927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNon-infectious endocarditis is a rare complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The mitral valve is mainly affected, usually showing vegetations on the ventricular and atrial side of the valve.Case summaryA 27-year-old female patient with a known APS was referred to our hospital with night sweats, weight loss, reduction in performance, and dizziness. A floating structure associated to the mitral valve was identified in a transoesophageal echocardiogram with typical changes, in accordance with a non-infectious endocarditis (Libman-Sacks). Only a trace of mitral regurgitation was present and a mass on the posterior mitral valve leaflet. Laboratory findings showed antibody and inflammatory marker measurements either negative or within normal range. The patient received therapeutic oral anticoagulation using a vitamin K antagonist and a combined immunosuppression consisting of hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone. The symptoms of the patient resolved within 3 months after starting the initial treatment. The follow-up echocardiogram showed an almost normal mitral valve function with only a slight regional thickening of the posterior mitral leaflet and no stenosis. Following a 7-year period of observation being on a medical regimen of hydroxychloroquine and a vitamin K antagonist, no evidence of clinical and/or echocardiographic recurrence was detected.DiscussionThis case report represents a successful medical management of non-infectious endocarditis using immunosuppressive and anticoagulation therapies without significant residual lesions. Although optimal management of non-bacterial endocarditis remains in the area of uncertainty, this combination therapy deems promising.
| S-EPMC8728721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNon-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare form of endocarditis notably described in patients with advanced malignancy and auto-immune diseases. It is characterized by the formation of sterile, fibrin-containing vegetations on cardiac endothelium, in the absence of positive blood cultures. It is predominantly located on the mitral- and aortic valve (AV). Vegetations in NBTE are prone to embolize. Trousseau syndrome (TS) is defined as unexplained thrombotic events that precede the diagnosis of malignancy.Case summaryA 49-year-old pre-menopausal woman with a history of visual disturbances, recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with concurrent pulmonary emboli (PE), and uterine myomas with dysfunctional uterine bleeding was resuscitated for ventricular fibrillation. While echocardiography revealed vegetations on the AV, blood cultures remained negative. Additional work-up for the aetiology of sterile vegetations revealed a low-grade ovarian carcinoma. Cardiac analysis showed evidence of myocardial infarction in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis as a cause for ventricular fibrillation.DiscussionUnexplained thrombotic events (venous, arterial, or both) warrant further investigation, e.g., with regard to TS. NBTE is a potential source of thromboembolism in TS and a rare ante-mortem finding, which prompts additional investigation of the underlying cause. In our patient, a triad of (suspected) (i) arterial/systemic embolization (i.e. visual disturbances, splenic infarction, coronary embolism), (ii) peripheral thrombophlebitis/hypercoagulability (i.e. DVT and PE), and (iii) malignancy (i.e. gynaecological abnormalities) raised suspicion of NBTE in the setting of TS. Early diagnosis and treatment of NBTE is of importance due to the high incidence of embolization, with possible fatal outcome.
| S-EPMC8183660 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionWe describe a case of pulmonary gas embolism caused by portal vein gas (PVG) observed using echocardiography. Echography revealed gas flowing through the hepatic vein, inferior vena cava, right atrium, and right ventricle, as well as pulmonary hypertension. The patient was diagnosed as having pulmonary gas embolism caused by PVG.ObjectiveWe consider PVG routes to pulmonary circulation, diagnosis of gas embolism caused by PVG, and treatment of gas embolism caused by PVG.MethodsWe reviewed reports of eight cases of gas embolism caused by PVG and compared these cases to cases of gas embolism without PVG.ResultsMortality of gas embolism caused by PVG was 67%, positive blood culture was observed in six cases, and pulmonary edema was seen in three cases. PVG initially excites microbubble formation, which causes tissue damage in the liver and liver abscess. A large volume of PVG causes portal obstruction. As a result, portal hypertension, a portosystemic shunt or gastrointestinal congestion can occur. PVG can travel to the systemic vein through the liver or portosystemic shunt without anomaly and cause pulmonary gas embolism, followed by arterial embolism. In this environment, sepsis easily occurs. Echocardiography is useful for diagnosis of gas embolism caused by PVG, but the gas can be seen intermittently. The view of pulmonary edema is important for pulmonary gas embolism caused by PVG.ConclusionIt is important to treat the underlying disease, but PVG must be considered and treated as the gas embolism's source.
| S-EPMC3075153 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCandida arthritis is extremely rare and also represents a major challenge of diagnosis and treatment. Here we reported a rare case of recurrent arthritis caused by Candida parapsilosis.Case presentationA 56-year-old Chinese male suffered from recurrent pain and swelling in his right knee after several times of "small needle-knife" acupuncture and corticosteroid injection of the joint. Candida parapsilosis was cultured in his synovial fluid and identified by sequencing of its Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene. Here we present the radiological characteristics, arthroscopic pictures, and synovium pathology of this patient. Also, blood test and chemical analysis of his synovial fluid were listed as well as the ITS sequence of this Candida species identified. The patient underwent thorough arthroscopic debridement and then set on fluconazole 400?mg daily for 12?months. His symptoms resolved and no relapse was observed on the last follow-up. Additionally, a brief but comprehensive review of C. parapsilosis arthritis episodes from past to now were studied.ConclusionWith the detailed clinical information reported in this case and our literature review, we hope they would add to our knowledge of C. parapsilosis arthritis - its clinical settings, laboratory features, radiological characteristics, arthroscopic findings and experience of management.
| S-EPMC6637515 | biostudies-literature