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Tetrel Bonding and Other Non-Covalent Interactions Assisted Supramolecular Aggregation in a New Pb(II) Complex of an Isonicotinohydrazide.

ABSTRACT: A new supramolecular Pb(II) complex [PbL(NO2)]n was synthesized from Pb(NO3)2, N'-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (HL) and NaNO2. [PbL(NO2)]n is constructed from discrete [PbL(NO2)] units with an almost ideal N2O3 square pyramidal coordination environment around Pb(II). The ligand L- is coordinated through the 2-pyridyl N-atom, one aza N-atom, and the carbonyl O-atom. The nitrite ligand binds in a ?2-O,O coordination mode through both O-atoms. The Pb(II) center exhibits a hemidirected coordination geometry with a pronounced coordination gap, which allows a close approach of two additional N-atoms arising from the N=C(O) N-atom of an adjacent molecule and from the 4-pyridyl N-atom from the another adjacent molecule, yielding a N4O3 coordination, constructed from two Pb-N and three Pb-O covalent bonds, and two Pb?N tetrel bonds. Dimeric units in the structure of [PbL(NO2)]n are formed by the Pb?N=C(O) tetrel bonds and intermolecular electrostatically enforced ?+??- stacking interactions between the 2- and 4-pyridyl rings and further stabilized by C-H?? intermolecular interactions, formed by one of the methyl H-atoms and the 4-pyridyl ring. These dimers are embedded in a 2D network representing a simplified uninodal 3-connected fes (Shubnikov plane net) topology defined by the point symbol (4?82). The Hirshfeld surface analysis of [PbL(NO2)] revealed that the intermolecular H?X (X = H, C, N, O) contacts occupy an overwhelming majority of the molecular surface of the [PbL(NO2)] coordination unit. Furthermore, the structure is characterized by intermolecular C?C and C?N interactions, corresponding to the intermolecular ??? stacking interactions. Notably, intermolecular Pb?N and, most interestingly, Pb?H interactions are remarkable contributors to the molecular surface of [PbL(NO2)]. While the former contacts are due to the Pb?N tetrel bonds, the latter contacts are mainly due to the interaction with the methyl H-atoms in the ??? stacked [PbL(NO2)] molecules. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface calculations showed marked electrostatic contributions to both the Pb?N tetrel bonds and the dimer forming ?+??- stacking interactions. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses underlined the tetrel bonding character of the Pb?N interactions. The manifold non-covalent interactions found in this supramolecular assembly are the result of the proper combination of the polyfunctional multidentate pyridine-hydrazide ligand and the small nitrito auxiliary ligand.

SUBMITTER: Mahmoudi G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7571010 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tetrel Bonding and Other Non-Covalent Interactions Assisted Supramolecular Aggregation in a New Pb(II) Complex of an Isonicotinohydrazide.

Mahmoudi Ghodrat G Abedi Marjan M Lawrence Simon E SE Zangrando Ennio E Babashkina Maria G MG Klein Axel A Frontera Antonio A Safin Damir A DA

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20200904 18

A new supramolecular Pb(II) complex [PbL(NO2)]n was synthesized from Pb(NO3)2, N'-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (HL) and NaNO2. [PbL(NO2)]n is constructed from discrete [PbL(NO2)] units with an almost ideal N2O3 square pyramidal coordination environment around Pb(II). The ligand L- is coordinated through the 2 ...[more]

PMID: 32899863

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Project description:The structural stability of the extensively studied organic-inorganic hybrid methylammonium tetrel halide perovskite semiconductors, MATtX3 (MA = CH3NH3+; Tt = Ge, Sn, Pb; X = Cl, Br, I), arises as a result of non-covalent interactions between an organic cation (CH3NH3+) and an inorganic anion (TtX3-). However, the basic understanding of the underlying chemical bonding interactions in these systems that link the ionic moieties together in complex configurations is still limited. In this study, ion pair models constituting the organic and inorganic ions were regarded as the repeating units of periodic crystal systems and density functional theory simulations were performed to elucidate the nature of the non-covalent interactions between them. It is demonstrated that not only the charge-assisted N-H···X and C-H···X hydrogen bonds but also the C-N···X pnictogen bonds interact to stabilize the ion pairs and to define their geometries in the gas phase. Similar interactions are also responsible for the formation of crystalline MATtX3 in the low-temperature phase, some of which have been delineated in previous studies. In contrast, the Tt···X tetrel bonding interactions, which are hidden as coordinate bonds in the crystals, play a vital role in holding the inorganic anionic moieties (TtX3-) together. We have demonstrated that each Tt in each [CH3NH3+•TtX3-] ion pair has the capacity to donate three tetrel (σ-hole) bonds to the halides of three nearest neighbor TtX3- units, thus causing the emergence of an infinite array of 3D TtX64- octahedra in the crystalline phase. The TtX44- octahedra are corner-shared to form cage-like inorganic frameworks that host the organic cation, leading to the formation of functional tetrel halide perovskite materials that have outstanding optoelectronic properties in the solid state. We harnessed the results using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, natural bond orbital, molecular electrostatic surface potential and independent gradient models to validate these conclusions.

Project description:Spontaneous self-assembly is one of the available synthetic routes to achieve structurally versatile and unique crystal complexes with selected metal-ligand combinations in the spirit of pseudohalides. In this endeavour, we designed a novel 1D coordination polymer (CP), [(Cd)(Pb)(L)(η1-NCS)(η1-SCN)] n (1), using a compartmental Salen ligand (H3L) in the presence of NaSCN. The characterization of the CP was accomplished using several spectroscopic techniques: MALDI-TOF, PXRD, SEM, EDX mapping, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The CP crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4. SCXRD reveals Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) metal ions fulfilled distorted square pyramidal and hemi-directed coordination spheres. Cd(ii) is placed in the inner N2O2 and heavier Pb(ii) in the outer O4 compartments of the de-protonated form of the ligand [L]2-. Supramolecular interactions in the intricate crystal structure produced attractive molecular architectures of the compound. The flexible aliphatic -OH pendent group coordinates with the Pb(ii) ions. This unique binding further elevates the supramolecular crystal topographies. The supramolecular interactions were authenticated by Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA). The observation of the recurring unconventional tetrel bonds was rationalized by DFT calculations and surface plots of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). In the 1D polymeric chain in the complex, the O-atom of the -OH groups shows a tetrel bonding interaction with the Pb atom. We have found that the combination of QTAIM/NCI and QTAIM/ELF plots helps reveal the nature of these contacts. Moreover, the QTAIM/ELF plot determines the donor-acceptor interaction between the O-atom and the Pb atom, establishing the σ-hole. Agreeably, the σ-hole interaction also helps Pb(ii) serve as a Lewis acid in the complex. Finally, spodium and tetrel bonds are formed, possible thanks to a hemi-directional coordination sphere of the Pb atoms in the polymer described.

Dataset Information

Tetrel Bonding and Other Non-Covalent Interactions Assisted Supramolecular Aggregation in a New Pb(II) Complex of an Isonicotinohydrazide.

Publications

Tetrel Bonding and Other Non-Covalent Interactions Assisted Supramolecular Aggregation in a New Pb(II) Complex of an Isonicotinohydrazide.

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