Utility of procalcitonin as a predictor of bloodstream infections and supportive modality requirements in critically ill cancer patients.
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ABSTRACT: Background
We evaluated the diagnostic utility of procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill cancer patients with and without neutropenia. We also investigated the role of PCT as a prognostic marker of supportive modalities (vasopressors, invasive mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy (RRT)) in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 2200 PCT and blood cultures from adult cancer patients with suspected sepsis. Primary outcome was BSI, defined by positive blood culture, collected within 72 h of PCT collection.Results
Median PCT values were higher in encounters with BSI (3.2 vs 0.5 ng/ml, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.726 (95%CI 0.698, 0.754). PCT > 2.0 ng/ml was significantly associated with greater likelihood of BSI and this effect was significantly stronger for neutropenic (OR 9.09, 95%CI: 4.39, 18.79) compared with non-neutropenic patients (OR 4.00 (95% CI: 3.13, 5.10), interaction p = 0.036). PCT > 2.0 was associated with vasopressor requirement on ICU admission (OR 1.82 (95% CI 1.31, 2.53), p < 0.001) and RRT (OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.24, 3.91), p = 0.007).Conclusions
Procalcitonin is a fair discriminator of BSI in critically ill cancer patients with and without neutropenia and a PCT > 2.0 ng/ml was significantly more likely to require vasopressors and RRT in the ICU.
SUBMITTER: Blouin AG
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7572786 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7822524 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC5002471 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background.Randomized trials support use of procalcitonin (PCT)-based algorithms to decrease duration of antibiotics for critically ill patients with sepsis. However, current use of PCT and associated outcomes in real-world clinical settings is unclear. We sought to determine PCT use in critically ill patients with sepsis in the United States and to examine associations between PCT use and clinical outcomes.Methods.This was a retrospective cohort study of approximately 20% of patients with sepsis hospitalized in US intensive care units. Hierarchical regression models were used to determine associations of PCT use with outcomes (antibiotic-days, incidence of Clostridium difficile infection, and in-hospital mortality). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess robustness of findings to different methods used to address unmeasured confounding (eg, instrumental variable, difference-in-differences analyses).Results.Among 20750 critically ill patients with sepsis in 107 hospitals with PCT available, 3769 (18%) patients had PCT levels checked; 1119 (29.7%) had serial PCT measurements. PCT use was associated with increased antibiotic-days (adjusted relative risk, 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.18) and incidence of C. difficile (adjusted odds ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-1.85) without a change in mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.93-1.19). Analysis of PCT use by instrumental variable and difference-in-difference analyses showed similar lack of antibiotic or outcome improvements associated with PCT use.Conclusions.PCT use was not associated with improved antibiotic use or other clinical outcomes in real-world settings. Programs to improve implementation of PCT-based strategies are warranted prior to widespread adoption.
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