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Taxation and inequality: Active and passive channels.

ABSTRACT: This paper fills an important gap in our understanding of the role of the US tax system in changing household welfare and inequality. It deconstructs the mechanisms by which the federal income tax system operates to affect the transmission of income shocks to consumption, and therefore, consumption inequality. To this end, it links micro and macro models of the distribution of income and consumption to changes in the federal income tax system. We find important changes in the types of income shocks to which consumers are insured or not, as well as the extent to which tax policy contributes to insuring consumers from these shocks. Importantly, we find that without decomposing the tax system into the three mechanisms outlined in the model, economists might have erroneously inferred that the role of tax policy as a mechanism for consumption insurance did not change over time. We also find that tax policy changes have disproportional effects across socioeconomic groups, and that this contributes to increasing inequality.

SUBMITTER: Dauchy E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7577317 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Taxation and inequality: Active and passive channels.

Dauchy Estelle E Navarro-Sanchez Francisco F Seegert Nathan N

Review of economic dynamics 20201021

This paper fills an important gap in our understanding of the role of the US tax system in changing household welfare and inequality. It deconstructs the mechanisms by which the federal income tax system operates to affect the transmission of income shocks to consumption, and therefore, consumption inequality. To this end, it links micro and macro models of the distribution of income and consumption to changes in the federal income tax system. We find important changes in the types of income sho ...[more]

PMID: 33106743

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Project description:IntroductionDespite reductions in smoking rates, exposure to cigarette smoke remains common among US children and adolescents. In adults, active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure have been linked to adverse changes in lipid profiles and increases in inflammatory markers. Evidence that such changes are present before adulthood remains limited, and the extent to which active smoking and SHS exposure affect these cardiovascular measures in children has not been thoroughly assessed.MethodsWe employed data from 2008 individuals aged 12-19 years from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Comparisons of the lipid and inflammatory marker levels among active smokers, those exposed to SHS (as determined by serum cotinine levels), and those unexposed to tobacco smoke were made using linear regression with multiple propensity score adjustment.ResultsCompared to unexposed children, lipid and inflammatory marker profiles did not differ among those exposed to SHS exposure. Among active smokers, differences compared to unexposed children were observed in triglyceride levels ( β=8.5 mg/dL, P = .01), the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein ( β=0.2, P = .045), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( β=-4.1 mg/dL , P = .03), though these did not reach levels of confirmatory statistical significance.ConclusionsAfter accounting for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities, serum lipids and markers of systemic inflammation were not associated with SHS exposure. Tobacco smoke exposure in children may require longer durations of compounded effect before serum lipid abnormalities are detected.ImplicationsThis paper adds detail to the study of secondhand smoke's effects on lipid profiles of children and adolescents. Prior research on this topic for these age groups has been limited, and this study provides national, cross-sectional data to show that both secondhand smoke and active smoking in childhood and adolescence is not associated with changes in lipid profiles or markers of inflammation. Tobacco smoke exposure may require longer durations of compounded effect before abnormalities are detected.

Dataset Information

Taxation and inequality: Active and passive channels.

Publications

Taxation and inequality: Active and passive channels.

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