Dataset Information

Association of Mohs Micrographic Surgery vs Wide Local Excision With Overall Survival Outcomes for Patients With Melanoma of the Trunk and Extremities.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Although previous database studies suggest that Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) treatment is associated with improved overall survival (OS) for head and neck melanomas, outcomes for trunk and extremity (T&E) tumors have not been adequately evaluated.

Objective

To assess survival outcomes for patients with melanomas of the T&E treated with MMS vs wide local excision (WLE).

Design, setting, and participants

This retrospective cohort study examined deidentified data from the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2015. Inclusion criteria for the analysis included diagnosis of trunk, upper extremity, or lower extremity melanoma; known Breslow depth; removal by MMS or WLE; and known last date of survival status.

Main outcomes and measures

Five-year all-cause mortality (ACM) rates.

Results

A total of 188 862 in situ and invasive melanomas were included in the analysis (MMS, 2.3%; WLE, 97.7%); the mean (SD) age of patients included was 58.8 (16.0) years, and 52.7% were male. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no OS difference among trunk (WLE hazard ratio [HR], 1.097; 95% CI, 0.950-1.267; P = .21), upper extremity (WLE HR, 1.013; 95% CI, 0.872-1.176; P = .87), lower extremity (WLE HR, 0.934; 95% CI, 0.770-1.134; P = .49), or combined T&E (WLE HR, 1.031; 95% CI, 0.941-1.130; P = .51) tumors. Factors associated with increased risk of ACM on multivariate analysis of all tumors included increasing age (HR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.042-1.044; P < .001), no insurance or nonprivate insurance (none: HR, 1.921 [95% CI, 1.782-2.071]; Medicaid: HR, 2.410 [95% CI, 2.242-2.591]; Medicare: HR, 1.237 [95% CI, 1.194-1.281]; other government insurance: HR, 1.279 [95% CI, 1.117-1.465]; P < .001 for all), positive surgical margins (HR, 1.609; 95% CI, 1.512-1.712; P < .001), a Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score greater than 0 (Charlson-Deyo score of 1: HR, 1.340; 95% CI, 1.295-1.385; P < .001; Charlson-Deyo score of ≥2: HR, 2.044; 95% CI, 1.934-2.159; P < .001), tumor ulceration (HR, 2.175; 95% CI, 2.114-2.238; P < .001), and increasing Breslow depth (HR, 1.002 [per 0.1 mm]; P < .001). Female sex (HR, 0.698; 95% CI, 0.680-0.716; P < .001) and nonnodular subtype (lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma: HR, 0.743; 95% CI, 0.686-0.805; P < .001; superficial spreading: HR, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.710-0.769; P < .001; other subtype: HR, 0.817; 95% CI, 0.790-0.845; P < .001; nodular: HR, 1 [reference]) were associated with improved OS.

Conclusions and relevance

This cohort study of patients surgically treated for melanomas of the trunk and/or extremities found that, compared with WLE, MMS was not associated with significantly different OS for T&E melanomas.

SUBMITTER: Demer AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7578913 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Association of Mohs Micrographic Surgery vs Wide Local Excision With Overall Survival Outcomes for Patients With Melanoma of the Trunk and Extremities.

Demer Addison M AM Hanson Jamie L JL Maher Ian A IA Liszewski Walter W

JAMA dermatology 20210101 1

<h4>Importance</h4>Although previous database studies suggest that Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) treatment is associated with improved overall survival (OS) for head and neck melanomas, outcomes for trunk and extremity (T&E) tumors have not been adequately evaluated.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess survival outcomes for patients with melanomas of the T&E treated with MMS vs wide local excision (WLE).<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This retrospective cohort study examined deidentified data ...[more]

PMID: 33084853

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Project description:ImportanceMelanoma in situ (MIS) is increasing in incidence, and expert consensus opinion recommends surgical excision for therapeutic management. Currently, wide local excision (WLE) is the standard of care. However, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is now used to treat a growing subset of individuals with MIS. During MMS, unlike WLE, the entire cutaneous surgical margin is evaluated intraoperatively for tumor cells.ObjectiveTo assess the outcomes of patients with MIS treated with MMS compared with those treated with WLE.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective review of a prospective database. The study cohort consisted of 662 patients with MIS treated with MMS or WLE per standard of care in dermatology and surgery (general surgery, otolaryngology, plastics, oculoplastics, surgical oncology) at an academic tertiary care referral center from January 1, 1978, to December 31, 2013, with follow-up through 2015.ExposureMohs micrographic surgery or WLE.Main outcomes and measuresRecurrence, overall survival, and melanoma-specific survival.ResultsThere were 277 patients treated with MMS (mean [SD] age, 64.0 [13.1] years; 62.1% male) and 385 treated with WLE (mean [SD] age, 58.5 [15.6] years; P < .001 for age; 54.8% male). Median follow-up was 8.6 (range, 0.2-37) years. Compared with WLE, MMS was used more frequently on the face (222 [80.2%] vs 141 [36.7%]) and scalp and neck (23 [8.3%] vs 26 [6.8%]; P < .001). The median (range) year of diagnosis was 2008 (1986-2013) for the MMS group vs 2003 (1978-2013) for the WLE group (P < .001). Overall recurrence rates were 5 (1.8%) in the MMS group and 22 (5.7%) in the WLE group (P = .07). Mean (SD) time to recurrence after MMS was 3.91 (4.4) years, and after WLE, 4.45 (2.7) years (P = .73). The 5-year recurrence rate was 1.1% in the MMS group and 4.1% in the WLE group (P = .07). For WLE-treated tumors, the surgical margin taken was greater for tumors that recurred compared with tumors that did not recur (P = .003). Five-year overall survival for MMS was 92% and for WLE was 94% (P = .28). Melanoma-specific mortality for the MMS group was 2 vs 13 patients for the WLE group, with mean (SD) survival of 6.5 (4.8) and 6.1 (0.8) years, respectively (P = .77).Conclusions and relevanceNo significant differences were found in the recurrence rate, overall survival, or melanoma-specific survival of patients with MIS treated with MMS compared with WLE.

Project description:ImportanceEarly-stage melanoma, among the most common cancers in the US, is typically treated with wide local excision. However, recent advances in immunohistochemistry have led to an increasing number of these cases being excised via Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Although studies of resections for other cancers have reported that facility-level factors are associated with patient outcomes, it is not yet established how these factors may affect outcomes for patients treated with Mohs micrographic surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of treatment center academic affiliation and case volume with long-term patient survival after MMS for T1a-T2a invasive melanoma.Design, setting, and participantsIn a retrospective cohort study, 4062 adults with nonmetastatic, T1a-T2a melanoma diagnosed from 2004 to 2014 and treated with MMS in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were identified. The NCDB includes all reportable cases from Commission on Cancer-accredited facilities and is estimated to capture approximately 50% of all incident melanomas in the US. Multivariable survival analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models. Data analysis was conducted from February 27 to August 18, 2020.ExposuresTreatment facility characteristics.Main outcomes and measuresOverall survival.ResultsThe study population included 4062 patients (2213 [54.5%] men; median [SD] age, 60 [16.3] years) treated at 462 centers. Sixty-two centers were top decile-volume facilities (TDVFs), which treated 1757 patients (61.9%). Most TDVFs were academic institutions (37 of 62 [59.7%]). On multivariable analysis, treatment at an academic center was associated with a nearly 30% reduction in hazard of death (hazard ratio, 0.730; 95% CI, 0.596-0.895). In a separate analysis, treatment at TDVFs was also associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.795; 95% CI, 0.648-0.977).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, treatment of patients with T1a-T2a invasive melanoma excised with MMS at academic and top decile-volume (≥8 cases per year) facilities was associated with improved long-term survival compared with those excised by MMS at nonacademic and low-volume facilities. Identification and protocolization of the practices of these facilities may help to reduce survival differences between centers.

Project description:BackgroundThe use of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in melanoma treatment has divided opinion and evidence-based guidelines are lacking.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to analyse clinical outcomes for patients with invasive melanomas treated with Mohs rather than wide local excision (WLE).MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases (to 30 August 2023) were searched for studies using Mohs to treat invasive melanoma. Outcomes of interest were local recurrence and death from melanoma.ResultsThirty-five articles involving 41,499 patients with invasive melanoma treated with Mohs were identified. Sixteen studies compared Mohs with WLE and 19 were Mohs-only, non-comparative studies. Patients treated with Mohs differed significantly from those undergoing WLE, in particular Mohs patients were older and had thinner melanomas. Two comparative studies using the same data source reported adjusted hazard ratios for melanoma-specific death and both showed no significant difference between Mohs and WLE-treated patients; 0.87 (95% CI 0.55-1.35) and 1.20 (95% CI 0.71-20.36). There was also no statistically significant difference in local recurrence risk; the unadjusted risk ratio for patients treated with Mohs was 0.46 (95% CI 0.14-1.51 p = 0.20) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 62%). No studies reported multivariable analyses for risk of local recurrence. Many studies generated from relatively few and often overlapping data sets have reported the use of Mohs to treat patients with invasive melanoma. Fewer studies were comparative between Mohs and WLE and these reported substantially different baseline risks of recurrence and death from melanoma between the groups. Mohs has generally been used for thinner melanomas in older patients; therefore, comparisons based on univariable analyses are likely to have been misleading.ConclusionsOn the basis of currently available data, it is not possible to reliably assess whether outcomes differ if invasive melanomas with comparable features are treated with Mohs or WLE, and randomized trial evidence will be required for reliable conclusions to be reached.

Project description:ImportanceMohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a skin cancer treatment that uses staged excisions based on margin status. Wide surgeon-level variation exists in the mean number of staged resections used to treat a tumor, resulting in a cost disparity and question of appropriateness.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention aimed at reducing extreme overuse in MMS, as defined by the specialty society, by confidentially sharing stages-per-case performance data with individual surgeons benchmarked to their peers nationally.Design, setting, and participantsThis nonrandomized controlled intervention study included 2329 US surgeons who performed MMS procedures from January 1, 2016, to March 31, 2018. Physicians were identified using a 100% capture of Medicare Part B claims. The intervention group included physicians affiliated with the American College of Mohs Surgery, and the control group included physicians not affiliated with the American College of Mohs Surgery.InterventionsIndividualized performance reports were delivered to all outlier surgeons, defined by the specialty society as those with mean stages per case 2 SDs above the mean, and inlier surgeons in the intervention group.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was surgeon-level change in mean stages per case between the prenotification (January 2016 to January 2017) and postnotification (March 2017 to March 2018) periods. A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the association of notification with this surgeon-level outcome. The surgeon-level metric of mean stages per case was not risk adjusted. The mean Medicare cost savings associated with changes in practice patterns were calculated.ResultsOf the 2329 included surgeons, 1643 (70.5%) were male and 2120 (91.0%) practiced in metropolitan areas. In the intervention group (n = 1045), 53 surgeons (5.1%) were outliers; in the control group (n = 1284), 87 surgeons (6.8%) were outliers. Among the outliers in the intervention group, 44 (83%) demonstrated a reduction in mean stages per case compared with 60 outliers in the control group (69%; difference, 14%; 95% CI of difference, -1 to 27; P = .07). There was a mean stages-per-case reduction of 12.6% among outliers in the intervention group compared with 9.0% among outliers in the control group, and outliers in the intervention group had an adjusted postintervention differential decrease of 0.14 stages per case (95% CI, -0.19 to -0.09; P = .002). The total administrative cost of the intervention program was $150 000, and the estimated reduction in Medicare spending was $11.1 million.Conclusions and relevanceSharing personalized practice pattern data with physicians benchmarked to their peers can reduce overuse of MMS among outlier physicians.

Dataset Information

Association of Mohs Micrographic Surgery vs Wide Local Excision With Overall Survival Outcomes for Patients With Melanoma of the Trunk and Extremities.

Importance

Objective

Design, setting, and participants

Main outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusions and relevance

Publications

Association of Mohs Micrographic Surgery vs Wide Local Excision With Overall Survival Outcomes for Patients With Melanoma of the Trunk and Extremities.

Similar Datasets

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