A Case Series of Epicardial Lipomatosis Masquerading as Extracardiac Pathology on Echocardiography: Role of Multimodality Imaging in Clarifying Misdiagnosis
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SUBMITTER: Bajwa F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7581646 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7303243 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSurgical epicardial atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation can be performed as a stand-alone (thoracoscopic) procedure or concomitant to other cardiac surgery. In hybrid AF ablation thoracoscopic surgical epicardial ablation is combined with a percutaneous endocardial ablation. The Medtronic Gemini-S clamp is a surgical tool that uses irrigated bipolar biparietal radiofrequency (RF) energy applied with two clamp lesions that overlap to create one epicardial box lesion including the posterior left atrial wall and the pulmonary veins.Case summaryWe describe three patients with therapy-refractory persistent AF and different stages of atrial remodelling in whom the Medtronic Cardioblate Gemini-S Irrigated RF Surgical Ablation System was used for hybrid AF ablation. Acute endocardial validation at the end of the hybrid ablation revealed a complete box lesion in all three cases. At 2-year follow-up, two out of three patients had recurrence of atrial arrhythmias. Invasive electro-anatomical mapping confirmed the persistence of the box lesion, and the mechanism of arrhythmia recurrence in both patients was unrelated to posterior left atrium or the pulmonary veins. The third patient has been without arrhythmia symptoms since the ablation procedure. A three-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging illustrates the ablation scar non-invasively in two cases.DiscussionThoracoscopic biparietal RF AF ablation with the Medtronic Cardioblate Gemini-S Irrigated RF Surgical Ablation System results in permanent transmural scar formation, irrespective of the stage of atrial remodelling, as shown in this small population by means of multimodality scar evaluation.
| S-EPMC8796807 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8191273 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is an extremely rare malignant disorder that presents like pulmonary thromboembolism (PE). Primary osteogenic sarcoma in the pulmonary artery (PA) is even rarer and can produce osteoid or cartilaginous matrix. Few studies have described the radiographic characteristics of osteosarcoma of the PA. We there report a case of a 78-year-old male patient with osteosarcoma in the PA where the patient went through surgical treatment after careful multimodalityimaging assessment. The patient was admitted to our hospital with the nonspecific symptom of heart failure. Multimodality imaging showed the primary lesion adhering to the arterial wall but without invading into surrounding tissues. PET/CT showed signs of hypometabolic activity within the lumen of the main PA. Cardiac MRI showed preserved left ventricular systolic function. CT showed distinctive features of PA osteosarcoma (a slightly hyperdense mass with calcification in pulmonary trunk).
| S-EPMC8712784 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, has challenged the health-care systems and raised new diagnostic pathways and safety issues for cardiac imagers. Myocardial injury may complicate COVID-19 infection in more than a quarter of patients and due to the wide a range of possible insults, cardiac imaging plays a crucial diagnostic and prognostic role. There is still little evidence regarding the best-imaging pathway and the echocardiographic findings. Most of the data derive from the single centers experiences and case-reports; therefore, our review reflects the recommendations mainly based on expert opinion. Moreover, knowledge is constantly evolving. The health-care system and physicians are called to reorganize the diagnostic pathways to minimize the possibility of spreading the infection. Thus a rapid, bedside, ultrasound assessment of the heart, chest, and leg veins by point-of-care ultrasound seems to be the first-line tool of the fight against the SARS-CoV-2. A second Level of cardiac imaging is appropriate when the result may guide decision-making or may be life-saving. Dedicated scanners should be used and special pathways should be reserved for these patients. The current knowledge on cardiac imaging COVID-19 patients is reviewed.
| S-EPMC7811699 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography is the most widely used noninvasive imaging modality for the evaluation and diagnosis of cardiac pathology. However, because of the physical properties of ultrasound waves and specifics in ultrasound image reconstruction, cardiologists are often confronted with ultrasound image artifacts. It is particularly important to recognize such artifacts in order to avoid misdiagnosis of conditions ranging from aortic dissection to thrombosis and endocarditis. This overview article summarizes the most common image artifacts encountered in routine clinical practice, along with explanations of their physical mechanisms and guidance in avoiding their misinterpretation.
| S-EPMC4851918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To describe the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the sphenoid bone, with an emphasis on a previously undescribed form in this location, in which CSF is trapped under the mucosa of the sinonasal cavity or in the soft tissue of the skull base.Case series and literature review.Analysis of cases through medical records and literature review.Four examples of unusual spontaneous CSF leaks of the skull base are presented. In each case, a CSF collection was contained behind the sinonasal mucosa of the sphenoid sinus, resembling a nasal polyp or mucocele on exam or imaging. In one case, the fluid collection was also associated with significant bone resorption and extravasation into the soft tissue of the infratemporal fossa. In each case, small defects of the ventral skull base (sphenoid bone) were the source of the CSF leaks. Successful treatment was achieved after transnasal endoscopic repair of the skull base defects using a combination of free abdominal fat grafts, free fascial grafts, and pedicled nasoseptal flaps. Postoperatively, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed if the intracranial pressure was elevated.Spontaneous CSF leaks arising in the sphenoid sinus may not always present with overt CSF rhinorrhea but with a submucosal fluid collection (pseudomeningocele) that may mimic a mucocele or nasal polyp. These bona fide pseudomeningoceles of the skull base may be associated with elevated intracranial pressure and can be managed using endoscopic endonasal surgery.
| S-EPMC3223265 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveNeurodevelopmental delay is frequently encountered in children with a congenital heart defect (CHD). Fetuses with major CHD have a smaller head circumference (HC), irrespective of altered cerebral flow or brain oxygenation. This cohort study compared head growth in cases with isolated vs those with non-isolated CHD to evaluate the effect of additional pathology on head size in these fetuses.MethodAll CHD cases diagnosed prenatally in the period January 2002-July 2014 were selected from our regional registry, PRECOR. Cases of multiple pregnancy, and those affected by maternal diabetes, severe fetal structural brain anomalies or functional CHD were excluded. Subjects were divided into groups according to whether the CHD was isolated, and the non-isolated group was subdivided into three groups: cases with genetic anomaly, extracardiac malformation or placental pathology. In both isolated and non-isolated CHD groups, CHDs were also grouped according to their potential effect on aortic flow and oxygen saturation. Mean HC Z-scores at 20 weeks and increase or decrease (Δ) of HC Z-scores over the course of pregnancy were compared between isolated and non-isolated groups, using mixed linear regression models.ResultsIncluded were 916 cases of CHD diagnosed prenatally, of which 378 (41.3%) were non-isolated (37 with placental pathology, 217 with genetic anomaly and 124 with extracardiac malformation). At 20 weeks, non-isolated cases had significantly lower HC Z-scores than did isolated cases (Z-score = -0.70 vs -0.03; P < 0.001) and head growth over the course of pregnancy showed a larger decrease in this group (Δ HC Z-score = -0.03 vs -0.01 per week; P = 0.01). Cases with placental pathology had the lowest HC Z-score at 20 weeks (Z-score = -1.29) and the largest decrease in head growth (Δ HC Z-score = -0.06 per week). In CHD subjects with a genetic diagnosis (Z-score = -0.73; Δ HC Z-score = -0.04 per week) and in those with an extracardiac malformation (Z-score = -0.49; Δ HC Z-score = -0.02 per week), HC Z-scores were also lower compared with those in subjects with isolated CHD. CHDs that result in low oxygenation or flow to the brain were present more frequently in isolated than in non-isolated cases.ConclusionsSmaller HC in fetuses with CHD appears to be associated strongly with additional pathology. Placental pathology and genetic anomaly in particular seem to be important contributors to restricted head growth. This effect appears to be irrespective of altered hemodynamics caused by the CHD. Previously reported smaller HC in CHD should, in our opinion, be attributed to additional pathology. Neurodevelopment studies in infants with CHD should, therefore, always differentiate between isolated and non-isolated cases. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
| S-EPMC7027464 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Multimodality treatment of primary soft tissue sarcoma has evolved over the last 50 years, including seminal studies in amputation versus limb-sparing surgery, incorporation of radiation therapy (XRT), and the continuing controversy over the utilization and efficacy of systemic chemotherapy. We review the landmark studies in the multimodality management of primary extremity and trunk soft tissue sarcoma.
| S-EPMC7603653 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy and subcortical infarct leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common form of hereditary stroke caused by a mutation in the NOTCH3 gene located on the short arm of chromosome 19. A small number of published reports describe CADASIL patients who were initially diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. Although it was previously indicated that there was no association between NOTCH3 mutations and multiple sclerosis, the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms among patients with CADASIL has been hypothesized. Case Presentation: Case 1 is a middle-aged woman with initial diagnoses of multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelitis that continued to progress despite treatment with disease-modifying agents. She had occasional migraines, transient blurred vision, and multiple lacunar infarcts. She continued treatment for about 15 years with no significant alleviation and progressive changes on brain MRI; genetic testing was ordered which showed NOTCH3 mutation, and diagnosis was changed to CADASIL with subsequent revision of treatment course. However, the presence of myelitis in this patient is unusual and may raise the question of a concurrent autoimmune process. Case 2 is a woman presenting with vertigo and paresthesia and diagnosed with MS based on an initial brain MRI showing biventricular white matter hyperintensities; however, she was not started on any disease-modifying agents. Her symptoms were reevaluated by a neurologist, and genetic testing was performed for NOTCH 3. Case 3 is a young woman with a history of migraines who initially presented with numbness and gait ataxia which later progressed to speech difficulty and memory loss. A diagnosis of MS was established which was later changed to CADASIL. Conclusion: Since CADASIL is a rare disease, it is imperative to raise awareness of its unique clinical condition as well as variation in its clinical presentations. It is crucial that the overlapping symptoms between MS and CADASIL be thoroughly examined to avoid misdiagnosis and treatment complications. The involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in CADASIL and the role of NOTCH3 gene mutations in provoking an autoimmune process should be further investigated.
| S-EPMC7500095 | biostudies-literature