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Assessing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preparedness in US community hospitals: A forgotten entity.

ABSTRACT: We performed a cross-sectional survey of infection preventionists in 60 US community hospitals between April 22 and May 8, 2020. Several differences in hospital preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 emerged with respect to personal protective equipment conservation strategies, protocols related to testing, universal masking, and restarting elective procedures.

SUBMITTER: Advani SD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7582016 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preparedness in US community hospitals: A forgotten entity.

Advani Sonali D SD Baker Esther E Cromer Andrea A Wood Brittain B Crawford Kathryn L KL Crane Linda L Adcock Linda L Roach Linda L Padgette Polly P Anderson Deverick J DJ Sexton Daniel J DJ

Infection control and hospital epidemiology 20201007 5

We performed a cross-sectional survey of infection preventionists in 60 US community hospitals between April 22 and May 8, 2020. Several differences in hospital preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 emerged with respect to personal protective equipment conservation strategies, protocols related to testing, universal masking, and restarting elective procedures. ...[more]

PMID: 33023688

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Community evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission through air.

Project description:BackgroundNine COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease, 2019) cases were observed in one community in Guangzhou. All the cases lived in three vertically aligned units of one building sharing the same piping system, which provided one unique opportunity to examine the transmission mode of SARS-CoV-2.MethodsWe interviewed the cases on the history of travelling and close contact with the index patients. Respiratory samples from all the cases were collected for viral phylogenetic analyses. A simulation experiment in the building and a parallel control experiment in a similar building were then conducted to investigate the possibility of transmission through air.ResultsIndex patients living in Apartment 15-b had a travelling history in Wuhan, and four cases who lived in Apartment 25-b and 27-b were subsequently diagnosed. Phylogenetic analyses showed that virus of all the patients were from the same strain of the virus. No close contacts between the index cases and other families indicated that the transmission might not occur through droplet and close contacts. Airflow detection and simulation experiment revealed that flushing the toilets could increase the speed of airflow in the pipes and transmitted the airflow from Apartment 15-b to 25-b and 27-b. Reduced exhaust flow rates in the infected building might have contributed to the outbreak.ConclusionsThe outbreak of COVID-19 in this community could be largely explained by the transmission through air, and future efforts to prevent the infection should take the possibility of transmission through air into consideration. A disconnected drain pipe and exhaust pipe for toilet should be considered in the architectural design to help prevent possible virus spreading through the air.

| S-EPMC7677092 | biostudies-literature

High severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion rate among geriatric staff from Strasbourg University Hospitals.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8458838 | biostudies-literature

Primary Peritonitis-A Forgotten Entity.

Project description:Primary peritonitis is a rare phenomenon in modern antibiotic era. A case of pediatric primary peritonitis is presented here, in which a child presented with complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting for one day. Abdominal examination showed marked tenderness and guarding, diagnosis of appendicitis was made and laparoscopic appendectomy done. Later, ascitic fluid analysis and appendix histopathology proved it to be a case of primary peritonitis.

| S-EPMC4487121 | biostudies-other

Culturing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for diagnosis and genome sequencing

Project description:The effectiveness of virus culturing in 24 hours for the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2

2022-06-29 | GSE189731 | GEO

Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Emergence Amidst Community-Acquired Respiratory Viruses.

Project description:BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 in December 2019 and reached Europe by late January 2020, when community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) are at their annual peak. We validated the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended SARS-CoV-2 assay and analyzed the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and CARVs.MethodsNasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs (NOPS) from 7663 patients were prospectively tested by the Basel S-gene and WHO-based E-gene (Roche) assays in parallel using the Basel N-gene assay for confirmation. CARVs were prospectively tested in 2394 NOPS by multiplex nucleic acid testing, including 1816 (75%) simultaneously for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe Basel S-gene and Roche E-gene assays were concordant in 7475 cases (97.5%) including 825 (11%) SARS-CoV-2 positives. In 188 (2.5%) discordant cases, SARS-CoV-2 loads were significantly lower than in concordant positive ones and confirmed in 105 (1.4%). Adults were more frequently SARS-CoV-2 positive, whereas children tested more frequently CARV positive. CARV coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 occurred in 1.8%. SARS-CoV-2 replaced CARVs within 3 weeks, reaching 48% of all detected respiratory viruses followed by rhinovirus/enterovirus (13%), influenza virus (12%), coronavirus (9%), respiratory syncytial virus (6%), and metapneumovirus (6%).ConclusionsWinter CARVs were dominant during the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, impacting infection control and treatment decisions, but were rapidly replaced, suggesting competitive infection. We hypothesize that preexisting immune memory and innate immune interference contribute to the different SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology among adults and children.

| S-EPMC7454752 | biostudies-literature

Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020.

Project description:Since early January 2020, after the outbreak of coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, ≈365 confirmed cases have been reported in Shenzhen, China. The mode of community and intrafamily transmission is threatening residents in Shenzhen. Strategies to strengthen prevention and interruption of these transmissions should be urgently addressed.

| S-EPMC7258448 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptional responses of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in marmosets

Project description:The absence of a robust disease model currently hinders the evaluation of countermeasures for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While a rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV that results in mild-to-moderate disease has been utilized to describe the pathogenesis of this virus and for the evaluation of therapeutics, the inability to produce uniform disease with substantial virus replication complicates analysis in countermeasure studies. In an attempt to identify a more robust disease model, DPP4 sequences of various non-human primates were aligned. Modeling of the interactions between the receptor binding domain of MERS-CoV and its cognate receptor DPP4 predicted a "good fit" with complete conservation of all of the critical residues. To determine the feasibility of the marmoset as a MERS-CoV disease model, common marmosets were inoculated with MERS-CoV via combined intratracheal, intranasal, oral and ocular routes. Marmosets developed signs of moderate to severe illness with progressive serious to severe pneumonia. Progressive gross lesions were evident in animals necropsied at 3, 4 and 6 days post inoculation and two animals were euthanized during the study due to disease severity. This is the first description of a moderate-to-severe, with potentially lethality, disease model of MERS-CoV and as such will have utility for vaccine and other countermeasure efficacy evaluations in addition to further pathogenesis studies. Lung tissue samples were isolated and sequenced at 3, 4 and 6 days post inoculation. Two animals were euthanized during the study due to disease severity.

2014-06-10 | E-GEOD-55023 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Haemorrhagic cholecystitis: a rare entity not to be forgotten.

Project description:Haemorrhagic cholecystitis is a rare entity of acute cholecystitis that carries a high morbidity and mortality rate if management is delayed. Its clinical course can mirror that of acute cholecystitis. Characteristic findings on ultrasound or CT scan are useful clues to early diagnosis. Urgent cholecystectomy is required prior to progressing to perforation of gallbladder. Most of the literature are case reports with causes associated with anticoagulation. Herein, we described a morbidly obese patient with poorly controlled diabetes presenting with non-specific right upper quadrant pain and was subsequently diagnosed with haemorrhagic cholecystitis. A review of the literature was also performed to summarise the potential clinical presentations, distinctive imaging findings and management options available for this rare condition.

| S-EPMC6157553 | biostudies-literature

'Hydro-point' - The forgotten and unspoken entity in hydropneumothorax.

Project description:Effusive pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air and fluid within the pleural space: blood, pus, or serous fluid. Thus, effusive pneumothorax can be categorized as hemopneumothorax, pyopneumothorax, or hydropneumothorax, depending on the type of fluid accumulation. Hydropneumothorax is a clinical condition defined by the presence of air and serous fluid within the pleura space. Hydropneumothorax is one of the common respiratory emergencies encountered in the emergency department in India. Etiologies can be classified into infectious and non-infectious causes, among which tuberculosis being the most common one. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) can help diagnose hydropneumothorax at the bedside rather than shift the patient for an X-ray. Here, we describe a case of hydropneumothorax, which was diagnosed using POCUS by characteristic sonographic signs, namely "Hydro-point" and "barcode-hydro point-sinusoidal sign." Sonographic hydro-point is the transition zone of the air-fluid interface, which is seen in hydropneumothorax. Targhetta et al., in 1992, introduced the term "Hydro-point" in lung ultrasound for diagnosing hydropneumothorax but has been under-reported/unspoken much in the literature. With the use of POCUS, we diagnosed and stabilized the patient in the Emergency Department.

| S-EPMC8591271 | biostudies-literature

Inhibitors of Protein Glycosylation Are Active against the Coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Project description:Repurposing clinically available drugs to treat the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an urgent need in the course of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, as very few treatment options are available. The iminosugar Miglustat is a well-characterized drug for the treatment of rare genetic lysosome storage diseases, such as Gaucher and Niemann-Pick type C, and has also been described to be active against a variety of enveloped viruses. The activity of Miglustat is here demonstrated in the micromolar range for SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. The drug acts at the post-entry level and leads to a marked decrease of viral proteins and release of infectious viruses. The mechanism resides in the inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidases that are involved in the early stages of glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharide processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a marked decrease of the viral Spike protein. Indeed, the antiviral potential of protein glycosylation inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 is further highlighted by the low-micromolar activity of the investigational drug Celgosivir. These data point to a relevant role of this approach for the treatment of COVID-19.

| S-EPMC8144969 | biostudies-literature

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