Dataset Information

Huisgen [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloadditions of Phthalazinium Ylides to Activated Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Alkynes.

ABSTRACT: We present herein a straightforward and efficient pathway for the synthesis of pyrrolophthalazine cycloadducts via Huisgen [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiolate or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). A thoroughly comparative study concerning the efficiency of synthesis, conventional thermal heating (TH) versus microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) irradiation, has been performed. The cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiolate occur regiospecific, with a single regioisomer being obtained. Under conventional TH, the cycloaddition reaction of phthalazinium ylides with DMAD occurs to a mixture of inseparable partial and fully aromatized pyrrolophthalazine cycloadducts, while MW or US irradiation are leading only to fully aromatized compounds, with the reactions becoming selective. A feasible mechanism for formation of fully aromatized compounds is presented. Besides selectivity, it has to be noticed that the reaction setup under MW or US irradiation offer a number of other certain advantages: higher yields, decreasing of the amount of used solvent comparative with TH, decreasing of the reaction time from hours to minutes and decreasing of the consumed energy; consequently, these reactions could be considered environmentally friendly.

SUBMITTER: Antoci V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7582813 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Huisgen [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloadditions of Phthalazinium Ylides to Activated Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Alkynes.

Antoci Vasilichia V Moldoveanu Costel C Danac Ramona R Mangalagiu Violeta V Zbancioc Gheorghita G

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20200925 19

We present herein a straightforward and efficient pathway for the synthesis of pyrrolophthalazine cycloadducts via Huisgen [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiolate or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). A thoroughly comparative study concerning the efficiency of synthesis, conventional thermal heating (TH) versus microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) irradiation, has been performed. The cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiol ...[more]

PMID: 32992961

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Project description:Cycloaddition reactions are among the most powerful methods for the synthesis of complex compounds. In particular, the development and application of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, an important member of this reaction class, has grown immensely due to its powerful ability to efficiently build various five-membered heterocycles. Azomethine ylides are commonly used as dipoles for the synthesis of the pyrrolidine scaffold, which is an important motif in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and biological probes. The reaction between azomethine ylides and cyclic dipolarophiles allows access to polycyclic products with considerable complexity. The extensive application of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is based on the fact that the desired products can be obtained with high yield in a regio- and stereocontrolled manner. The most attractive feature of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides is the possibility to generate pyrrolidines with multiple stereocenters in a single step. The development of enantioselective cycloadditions became a subject of intensive and impressive studies in recent years. Among many modes of stereoinduction, the application of chiral metal-ligand complexes has emerged as the most viable option for control of enantioselectivity. In chemical biology research based on the principle of biology-oriented synthesis (BIOS), compound collections are prepared inspired by natural product scaffolds. In BIOS, biological relevance is employed as the key criterion to generate hypotheses for the design and synthesis of focused compound libraries. In particular, the underlying scaffolds of natural product classes provide inspiration for BIOS because they define the areas of chemical space explored by nature, and therefore, they can be regarded as "privileged". The scaffolds of natural products are frequently complex and rich in stereocenters, which necessitates the development of efficient enantioselective methodologies. This Account highlights examples, mostly from our work, of the application of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides for the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of complex products. We successfully applied the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in the synthesis of spiro-compounds such as spirooxindoles, for kinetic resolution of racemic compounds in the synthesis of an iridoid inspired compound collection and in the synthesis of a nitrogen-bridged bicyclic tropane scaffold by application of 1,3-fused azomethine ylides. Furthermore, we performed the synthesis of complex molecules with eight stereocenters using tandem cycloadditions. In a programmable sequential double cycloaddition, we demonstrated the synthesis of both enantiomers of complex products by simple changes in the order of addition of chemicals. Complex products were obtained using enantioselective higher order [6 + 3] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with fulvenes followed by Diels-Alder reaction. The bioactivity of these compound collections is also discussed.

Dataset Information

Huisgen [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloadditions of Phthalazinium Ylides to Activated Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Alkynes.

Publications

Huisgen [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloadditions of Phthalazinium Ylides to Activated Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Alkynes.

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