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Gut bacteria Akkermansia is associated with reduced risk of obesity: evidence from the American Gut Project.

ABSTRACT: Background:Gut bacteria Akkermansia has been shown an anti-obesity protective effect in previous studies and may be used as promising probiotics. However, the above effect may be confounded by common factors, such as sex, age and diets, which should be verified in a generalized population. Methods:We used datasets from the American Gut Project to strictly reassess the association and further examined the effect of aging on it. A total of 10,534 participants aged 20 to 99 years from the United States and the United Kingdom were included. The relative abundance of Akkermansia was assessed based on 16S rRNA sequencing data. Obesity (body mass index, BMI???30 kg/m2) risks were compared across Akkermansia quintiles in logistic models with adjustment for common confounders. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine dose response effects between Akkermansia, obesity and age. A sliding-windows-based algorithm was used to investigate the effect of aging on Akkermansia-obesity associations. Results:The median abundance of Akkermansia was 0.08% (interquartile range: 0.006-0.93%), and the prevalence of obesity was 11.03%. Nonlinear association was detected between Akkermansia and obesity risk (P?=?0.01). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for obesity across the increasing Akkermansia quintiles (referencing to the first quintile) were 1.14 (0.94-1.39), 0.94 (0.77-1.15), 0.70 (0.56-0.85) and 0.79 (0.64-0.96) after adjusting for age and sex (P for trend

SUBMITTER: Zhou Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7583218 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gut bacteria <i>Akkermansia</i> is associated with reduced risk of obesity: evidence from the American Gut Project.

Zhou Qi Q Zhang Yanfeng Y Wang Xiaoxia X Yang Ruiyue R Zhu Xiaoquan X Zhang Ying Y Chen Chen C Yuan Huiping H Yang Ze Z Sun Liang L

Nutrition & metabolism 20201022

<h4>Background</h4>Gut bacteria <i>Akkermansia</i> has been shown an anti-obesity protective effect in previous studies and may be used as promising probiotics. However, the above effect may be confounded by common factors, such as sex, age and diets, which should be verified in a generalized population.<h4>Methods</h4>We used datasets from the American Gut Project to strictly reassess the association and further examined the effect of aging on it. A total of 10,534 participants aged 20 to 99 ye ...[more]

PMID: 33110437

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Project description:Aims/hypothesisIgM is the primary antibody produced by B cells and we hypothesise that IgM antibodies to gut microbiota may play a role in immunometabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes. To test our hypothesis, we used B6 mice deficient in activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aid-/- [also known as Aicda-/-]) which secrete only IgM antibodies, and human faecal samples.MethodsWe studied the immunometabolic effects and gut microbial changes in high-fat-diet-induced obesity (HFDIO) in Aid-/- B6 mice compared with wild-type mice. To determine similarities between mice and humans, human stool samples were collected from children and adolescents who were obese with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), obese with glucose intolerance (IGT), or obese and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) into germ-free (GF) B6 mice and we assessed IgM-bound bacteria and immune responses.ResultsCompared with wild-type mice, Aid-/- B6 mice developed exacerbated HFDIO due to abundant levels of IgM. FMT from Aid-/- B6 to GF B6 mice promoted greater weight gain in recipient mice compared with FMT using wild-type mouse faecal microbiota. Obese youth with type 2 diabetes had more IgM-bound gut bacteria. Using the stools from the obese youth with type 2 diabetes for FMT to GF B6 mice, we observed that the gut microbiota promoted body weight gain and impaired glucose tolerance in the recipient GF B6 mice. Importantly, some clinical features of these obese young individuals were mirrored in the GF B6 mice following FMT.Conclusions/interpretationOur results suggest that IgM-bound gut microbiota may play an important role in the immuno-pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and provide a novel link between IgM in obesity and type 2 diabetes in both mice and humans.Data availabilityThe 16s rRNA sequencing datasets supporting the current study have been deposited in the NCBI SRA public repository ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra ; accession no. SAMN18796639).

Dataset Information

Gut bacteria Akkermansia is associated with reduced risk of obesity: evidence from the American Gut Project.

Publications

Gut bacteria <i>Akkermansia</i> is associated with reduced risk of obesity: evidence from the American Gut Project.

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