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Resemblance and differences in dietary restriction nephroprotective mechanisms in young and old rats.

ABSTRACT: Dietary restriction (DR) is the strategy ameliorating the morbidity of various pathologies, including age-associated diseases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a problem for the elderly with DR being a promising approach for diminishing its consequences. We evaluated the possible nephroprotective potential of short-term DR in young and old rats. DR in young rats resulted in pronounced beneficial effects normalizing lipid metabolism (triglycerides concentration, adiponectin level) activating autophagic-lysosomal system evaluated by LC3II/LC3I ratio, LAMP1, p62/SQSTM1 levels, and LysoTracker Green staining. DR had a remarkable recovering effect on mitochondrial structure and functions including regaining of mitochondrial membrane potential, the elevation of SIRT-3, PGC-1?, Bcl-XL levels and partial restoration of ultrastructure. The beneficial effects of DR resulted in the mitigation of oxidative stress including a decrease in levels of protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation. Aging led to decreased activity of autophagy, elevated oxidative stress and impaired kidney regenerative capacity. Eventually, in old rats, even 8-week DR was not able to ameliorate AKI, but it caused some rejuvenating effects including elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-XL levels, as well as lowered severity of the oxidative stress. Thus, the age-associated decline of protective signaling demands extended DR to achieve nephroprotective potential in old animals.

SUBMITTER: Andrianova NV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7585108 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Resemblance and differences in dietary restriction nephroprotective mechanisms in young and old rats.

Andrianova Nadezda V NV Zorova Ljubava D LD Pevzner Irina B IB Popkov Vasily A VA Chernikov Valery P VP Silachev Denis N DN Plotnikov Egor Y EY Zorov Dmitry B DB

Aging 20200924 18

Dietary restriction (DR) is the strategy ameliorating the morbidity of various pathologies, including age-associated diseases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a problem for the elderly with DR being a promising approach for diminishing its consequences. We evaluated the possible nephroprotective potential of short-term DR in young and old rats. DR in young rats resulted in pronounced beneficial effects normalizing lipid metabolism (triglycerides concentration, adiponectin level) activating aut ...[more]

PMID: 32970613

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Project description:BackgroundStudies investigating dietary resemblance between parents and their children have gained mixed results, and the resemblance seems to vary across nutrients, foods, dietary-assessment tools used, and parent-child pairs. We investigated parent-child dietary resemblance using a novel approach in applying statistical analysis, which allowed the comparison of 'whole-diet' between parents and their children. Additionally, we sought to establish whether sociodemographic factors or family meals were associated with dietary resemblance and whether parent-child dietary resemblance was dependent on the parent providing food consumption data on behalf of the child (father or mother, "the respondent").MethodsThe DAGIS study investigated health behaviors among Finnish preschoolers using a cross-sectional design. One parent filled in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) measuring the child's food consumption outside preschool hours during the last week. In addition, we instructed both parents or legal guardians, should the child have two, to fill in a similar FFQ regarding their own food use. Parents also reported their educational level, the number of children living in the same household, and the number of family meals. As a measure of dietary resemblance between a parent and a child, we computed Spearman correlations ranging mostly from no resemblance (0) to complete resemblance (+ 1) between parent-child pairs over the 'whole-diet' (excluding preschool hours). These resemblance measures were further investigated using linear mixed models.ResultsWe obtained 665 father-child and 798 mother-child resemblance measures. Mother-child resemblance was on average 0.57 and stronger than father-child resemblance (0.50, p < 0.0001), which was explained by a parent-respondent interaction: the diet of the child resembled more the diet of the parent who provided food consumption data for the child. In univariate models, father- and mother-reported number of family meals were positively associated with father-child and mother-child resemblances. Mother-reported number of family meals was positively associated with mother-child resemblance in a full model.ConclusionsThe diet of the child seems to resemble more the diet of the parent responsible for the reporting of food consumption. Studies should report who provided the food consumption data for the child and take this into account in analyses, since reporter-bias can influence the results.

Project description:BackgroundSarcopenia is defined by the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging. We have previously proposed that aging-related hyperphosphataemia is linked with the appearance of sarcopenia signs. Because there are not effective treatments to prevent sarcopenia, except for resistance exercise, we propose here to analyse whether the dietary restriction of phosphate could be a useful strategy to improve muscle function and structure in an animal model of aging.MethodsFive-month-old (young), 24-month-old (old) and 28-month-old (geriatric) male C57BL6 mice were used. Old and geriatric mice were divided into two groups, one fed with a standard diet (0.6% phosphate) and the other fed with a low-phosphate (low-P) diet (0.2% phosphate) for 3 or 7 months, respectively. A phosphate binder, Velphoro®, was also supplemented in a group of old mice, mixed with a standard milled diet for 3 months. Muscle mass was measured by the weight of gastrocnemius and tibial muscles, and quality by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) and histological staining assays. Muscle strength was measured by grip test and contractile properties of the tibialis muscle by electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve. Gait parameters were analysed during the spontaneous locomotion of the mice with footprinting. Orientation and motor coordination were evaluated using a static rod test.ResultsOld mice fed with low-P diet showed reduced serum phosphate concentration (16.46 ± 0.77 mg/dL young; 21.24 ± 0.95 mg/dL old; 17.46 ± 0.82 mg/dL low-P diet). Old mice fed with low-P diet displayed 44% more mass in gastrocnemius muscles with respect to old mice (P = 0.004). NMRI revealed a significant reduction in T2 relaxation time (P = 0.014) and increased magnetization transfer (P = 0.045) and mean diffusivity (P = 0.045) in low-P diet-treated mice compared with their coetaneous. The hypophosphataemic diet increased the fibre size and reduced the fibrotic area by 52% in gastrocnemius muscle with respect to old mice (P = 0.002). Twitch force and tetanic force were significantly increased in old mice fed with the hypophosphataemic diet (P = 0.004 and P = 0.014, respectively). Physical performance was also improved, increasing gait speed by 30% (P = 0.032) and reducing transition time in the static rod by 55% (P = 0.012). Similar results were found when diet was supplemented with Velphoro®.ConclusionsThe dietary restriction of phosphate in old mice improves muscle quantity and quality, muscle strength and physical performance. Similar results were found using the phosphate binder Velphoro®, supporting the role of phosphate in the impairment of muscle structure and function that occurs during aging.

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Resemblance and differences in dietary restriction nephroprotective mechanisms in young and old rats.

Publications

Resemblance and differences in dietary restriction nephroprotective mechanisms in young and old rats.

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