Dataset Information

HIP to be Square: Simplifying Nitridophosphate Synthesis in a Hot Isostatic Press.

ABSTRACT: (Oxo)Nitridophosphates have recently been identified as a promising compound class for application in the field of solid-state lighting. Especially, the latest medium-pressure syntheses under ammonothermal conditions draw attention of the semiconductor and lighting industry on nitridophosphates. In this contribution, we introduce hot isostatic presses as a new type of medium-pressure synthetic tool, further simplifying nitridophosphate synthesis. In a second step, phosphorus nitride was replaced as starting material by red phosphorus, enabling the synthesis of Ca2 PN3 as model compound, starting only from readily available compounds. Moreover, first luminescence investigations on Eu2+ -doped samples reveal Ca2 PN3 :Eu2+ as a promising broad-band red-emitter (?em =650?nm; fwhm=1972?cm-1 ). Besides simple handling, the presented synthetic method offers access to large sample volumes, and the underlying reaction conditions facilitate single-crystal growth, required for excellent optical properties.

SUBMITTER: Wendl S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7590079 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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HIP to be Square: Simplifying Nitridophosphate Synthesis in a Hot Isostatic Press.

Wendl Sebastian S Mardazad Sara S Strobel Philipp P Schmidt Peter J PJ Schnick Wolfgang W

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 20200817 41

(Oxo)Nitridophosphates have recently been identified as a promising compound class for application in the field of solid-state lighting. Especially, the latest medium-pressure syntheses under ammonothermal conditions draw attention of the semiconductor and lighting industry on nitridophosphates. In this contribution, we introduce hot isostatic presses as a new type of medium-pressure synthetic tool, further simplifying nitridophosphate synthesis. In a second step, phosphorus nitride was replaced ...[more]

PMID: 32644230

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Project description:Background and purposePreventing subsequent falls in persons recovering from hip fracture is paramount. The Four Square Step Test (FSST) is a fast, easy measure of dynamic balance, with times more than 15 seconds previously associated with multiple fall risk in older adults. This study investigates among hip fracture patients (1) FSST performance, and how (2) unique population characteristics (such as fracture side) and (3) cognition impact FSST performance.MethodsPatients with hip fracture (n = 40) 60 years and older came from an ancillary study to a larger randomized controlled trial testing two 16-week in-home physical therapy interventions after completion of usual care rehabilitation. Baseline measurers included: FSST, demographics, fracture characteristics, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT), and Trails Making Tests (TMT) A and B.ResultsOf 40 patients with hip fracture, 13 did not complete the FSST at baseline and were significantly older (P = .040) and performed worse on cognitive tests (3MS, HVOT, TMT-B; P < .05). Mean FSST time was 24.3 ± 13.1 seconds for the other 27, of whom 7 finished in less than 15 seconds. A significant 3-way interaction was observed, such that those with left-side pertrochanteric fractures who performed poorly on the HVOT did significantly worse on the FSST (P < .01, R2 = 0.93).DiscussionAlmost one-third of patients with hip fracture could not perform the FSST after completing usual care rehabilitation. Inability to perform the FSST was not random, as those without the FSST were physically and cognitively worse than those who did perform the FSST. Among those who could attempt the FSST, few performed well. Cognitive ability related to spatial orientation and fracture characteristics such as fracture side and fracture type has a synergistic effect on FSST performance.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to assess the FSST in a population with hip fracture. At 4 months after hip fracture, most patients cannot perform the FSST in less than 15 seconds. Fracture side and fracture type appear important to FSST performance, as does cognition. More work needs to be done longitudinally to study the FSST in patients with hip fracture.

Project description:Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a crucial tool for studying microstructures of ceramic materials. However, the current practice heavily relies on manual efforts to extract porosity from SEM images. To address this issue, we propose PSTNet (Pyramid Segmentation Transformer Net) for grain and pore segmentation in SEM images, which merges multi-scale feature maps through operations like recombination and upsampling to predict and generate segmentation maps. These maps are used to predict the corresponding porosity at ceramic grain boundaries. To increase segmentation accuracy and minimize loss, we employ several strategies. (1) We train the micro-pore detection and segmentation model using publicly available Al2O3 and custom Y2O3 ceramic SEM images. We calculate the pixel percentage of segmented pores in SEM images to determine the surface porosity at the corresponding locations. (2) Utilizing high-temperature hot pressing sintering, we prepared and captured scanning electron microscope images of Y2O3 ceramics, with which a Y2O3 ceramic dataset was constructed through preprocessing and annotation. (3) We employed segmentation penalty cross-entropy loss, smooth L1 loss, and structural similarity (SSIM) loss as the constituent terms of a joint loss function. The segmentation penalty cross-entropy loss helps suppress segmentation loss bias, smooth L1 loss is utilized to reduce noise in images, and incorporating structural similarity into the loss function computation guides the model to better learn structural features of images, significantly improving the accuracy and robustness of semantic segmentation. (4) In the decoder stage, we utilized an improved version of the multi-head attention mechanism (MHA) for feature fusion, leading to a significant enhancement in model performance. Our model training is based on publicly available laser-sintered Al2O3 ceramic datasets and self-made high-temperature hot-pressed sintered Y2O3 ceramic datasets, and validation has been completed. Our Pix Acc score improves over the baseline by 12.2%, 86.52 vs. 76.01, and the mIoU score improves from by 25.5%, 69.10 vs. 51.49. The average relative errors on datasets Y2O3 and Al2O3 were 6.9% and 6.36%, respectively.

Dataset Information

HIP to be Square: Simplifying Nitridophosphate Synthesis in a Hot Isostatic Press.

Publications

HIP to be Square: Simplifying Nitridophosphate Synthesis in a Hot Isostatic Press.

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