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Irregular adaxial-abaxial polarity rearrangement contributes to the monosymmetric-to-asymmetric transformation of Canna indica stamen.

ABSTRACT: In flowering plants, lateral organs including stamens develop according to the precise regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity. However, the polarity establishment process is poorly understood in asymmetric stamens. Canna indica (Zingiberales: Cannaceae) is a common ornamental plant with an asymmetric stamen comprising a one-theca anther and a petaloid appendage. In this study, we depicted the monosymmetric-to-asymmetric morphogenesis of C. indica stamen, and the morphogenesis of the monosymmetric stamen of a sister species was used as a contrast. We chose a HD-ZIP III gene family member and a YABBY family member as the adaxial and abaxial polarity marker genes, respectively, and tested their expression using mRNA in situ hybridization. The expression patterns of the two genes changed dynamically and asymmetrically during the stamen development process. Compared with their homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana, these two genes exhibited some specific expression patterns. We hypothesize that the distinctive adaxial-abaxial polarity participates in the irregular morphogenesis of C. indica stamen, which mediates the putative stamen-to-petaloid staminode conversion in this species.

SUBMITTER: Tian X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7590949 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Irregular adaxial-abaxial polarity rearrangement contributes to the monosymmetric-to-asymmetric transformation of Canna indica stamen.

Tian Xueyi X Li Xiaorong X Yu Qianxia Q Zhao Haichan H Song Juanjuan J Liao Jingping J

AoB PLANTS 20200911 5

In flowering plants, lateral organs including stamens develop according to the precise regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity. However, the polarity establishment process is poorly understood in asymmetric stamens. Canna indica (Zingiberales: Cannaceae) is a common ornamental plant with an asymmetric stamen comprising a one-theca anther and a petaloid appendage. In this study, we depicted the monosymmetric-to-asymmetric morphogenesis of C. indica stamen, and the morphogenesis of th ...[more]

PMID: 33133481

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Project description:Flowers of the order Zingiberales demonstrate a remarkable trend of reduction in the number of fertile stamens; from five or six fertile, filamentous stamens bearing two thecae each in Musaceae and Strelitziaceae to just a single petaloid stamen bearing a single theca in Cannaceae and Marantaceae. As one progresses from ancestral to derived floral forms, 5-6 fertile stamens are replaced by 4-5 petaloid staminodes. In Cannaceae and Costaceae, all members of the androecial whorls exhibit petaloidy, including the fertile stamen. In Costaceae, a single fertile stamen develops two thecae embedded on a broad petaloid appendage, while in Cannaceae the single fertile stamen is further reduced to a single theca with a prominent, expanded petaloid appendage. Whether petaloidy of the fertile stamen is a synapomorphy of the entire ginger clade (including Cannaceae, Costaceae, Zingiberaceae and Marantaceae), or the result of independent convergent evolution in Cannaceae, Costaceae, and some Zingiberaceae, is unclear. We combine a developmental series of the formation of the petaloid fertile stamen in Canna indica with data on the expression of B- and C-class floral organ identity genes to elucidate the organogenetic identity of the petaloid stamen and staminodes. Our data indicate that the single fertile theca in C. indica and its petaloid appendage are derived from one-half of the primordium of a single stamen, with no contribution from the remaining part of the stamen (i.e. the second theca primordium) which aborts early in development. The petaloid appendage expands later, and develops from the position of the filament/connective of the developing theca. Floral identity gene expression shows that petal identity genes (i.e. B-class genes) are expressed in all floral organs studied while C-class gene AG-1 is expressed in an increasing gradient from sepals to gynoecium, and AG-2 is expressed in all floral organs except the petals. The canonical model for molecular specification of floral organ identity is not sufficient to explain petaloidy in the androecial whorl in Canna sp. Further studies understanding the regulation of gene networks are required.

Dataset Information

Irregular adaxial-abaxial polarity rearrangement contributes to the monosymmetric-to-asymmetric transformation of Canna indica stamen.

Publications

Irregular adaxial-abaxial polarity rearrangement contributes to the monosymmetric-to-asymmetric transformation of <i>Canna indica</i> stamen.

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