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Silencing of sinusoidal DDR1 reduces murine liver metastasis by colon carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Liver metastasis depends on the collagenous microenvironment generated by hepatic sinusoidal cells (SCs). DDR1 is an atypical collagen receptor linked to tumor progression, but whether SCs express DDR1 and its implication in liver metastasis remain unknown. Freshly isolated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), that conform the SCs, expressed functional DDR1. HSCs expressed the largest amounts. C26 colon carcinoma secretomes increased DDR1 phosphorylation in HSCs and KCs by collagen I. Inhibition of kinase activity by DDR1-IN-1 or mRNA silencing of DDR1 reduced HSCs secretion of MMP2/9 and chemoattractant and proliferative factors for LSECs and C26 cells. DDR1-IN-1 did not modify MMP2/9 in KCs or LSECs secretomes, but decreased the enhancement of C26 migration and proliferation induced by their secretomes. Gene array showed that DDR1 silencing downregulated HSCs genes for collagens, MMPs, interleukins and chemokines. Silencing of DDR1 before tumor inoculation reduced hepatic C26 metastasis in mice. Silenced livers bore less tumor foci than controls. Metastatic foci in DDR1 silenced mice were smaller and contained an altered stroma with fewer SCs, proliferating cells, collagen and MMPs than foci in control mice. In conclusion, hepatic DDR1 promotes C26 liver metastasis and favors the pro-metastatic response of SCs to the tumor.

SUBMITTER: Romayor I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7591579 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Silencing of sinusoidal DDR1 reduces murine liver metastasis by colon carcinoma.

Romayor Irene I Badiola Iker I Benedicto Aitor A Márquez Joana J Herrero Alba A Arteta Beatriz B Olaso Elvira E

Scientific reports 20201027 1

Liver metastasis depends on the collagenous microenvironment generated by hepatic sinusoidal cells (SCs). DDR1 is an atypical collagen receptor linked to tumor progression, but whether SCs express DDR1 and its implication in liver metastasis remain unknown. Freshly isolated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), that conform the SCs, expressed functional DDR1. HSCs expressed the largest amounts. C26 colon carcinoma secretomes increased ...[more]

PMID: 33110221

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Project description:Phenotypic transformation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is one of the most important stages of liver metastasis progression. The miRNA effects on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells during liver metastasis have not yet been analysed. Herein, analysis of miRNA expression in these cells during colorectal liver metastasis revealed repressed expression of microRNA-20a. Importantly, downregulation of miR-20a occurs in parallel with upregulation of its known protein targets. To restore normal miR-20a levels in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, we developed chondroitin sulfate-sorbitan ester nanoparticles conjugated with miR-20a in a delivery system that specifically targets liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The restoration of normal mir-20a levels in these cells induced downregulation of the expression of its protein targets, and this also resulted in a reduction of in vitro LSEC migration and a reduction of in vivo activation and tumor-infiltrating capacity and ability of the tumor decreased by approximately 80% in a murine liver metastasis model. Animals: Balb/c mice (6- to 8-week-old males) were obtained from Charles River Laboratories Spain SA (Barcelona, Spain). All the procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation (CEEA) of the University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV) in accordance with institutional, national and international guidelines regarding the protection and care of animal use for scientific purposes. Mice were kept in the animal facility of EHU/UPV and had access to standard chow and water ad libitum. Colorectal cancer cells: Murine colorectal cancer C26 cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA) syngeneic with Balb/c mice were used. The cells were grown under standard conditions in RPMI medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin (100 U/ml), streptomycin (100 microg/ml) and amphotericin B (0.25 microg/ml), all purchased from Life technologies, Carlsbad, CA. Control and tumor-activated LSECs culture: Control and tumour activated primary cultures of LSECs were isolated form livers with colorectal cancer metastasis or from healthy ones. To do so, Balb/c mice were anesthetized with isofluorano and small cut done in their left broadside. Then, 50 microl for each mice of C26 colon carcinoma cells were inoculated in the spleen at 2 x106 cells/ml concentration and the peritoneum and skin were sutured. The control mice were inoculated with PBS 1x buffer. Fourteen days later, all mice were sacrificed and the tumour activated LSECs and control LSECs were isolated by differential centrifugation. To do so, mice were perfused with collagenase P from Clostridium histolyticum (Sigma-Aldrich, St.Louis, MO, USA) through cava vein. The obtained cell suspension was twice centrifuged resulting in a parenchymal (PC)-enriched pellet and a non PC-enriched supernatant. Then, the non PC-enriched supernatant was layered on Percoll gradients (25% on top of 50%) to obtain LSEC. After a centrifugation the interphase between the two density cushions was recollected with purified non-PC enriched LSECs and Kupffer cells (KC). Then, the KCs were separated by adherence and isolated LSECs were washed and cultured with RPMI 1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St.Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS and used in different experiments 24 hours after the isolation. (Life technologies, Carlsbad, CA). miRNA microarray analysis : The purified total RNA was analysed using Agilent mouse miRNA microarrays. Release 18.0, 8x60K (v18) microarray slides (Agilent Technologies, USA), with 1,200 mouse miRNAs represented, were used. Briefly, 100 ng of total RNA was labelled and hybridized following the standard Agilent Protocol for the miRNA Microarray System with a miRNA Complete Labelling and Hybridization Kit, including Agilent miRNA Spike-ins, and the results were scanned using an Agilent Microarray Scanner G2565CA (Agilent Technologies, USA). The scanned TIFF image files were processed using Agilent Feature Extraction Software vs 10.7.3.1 to extract raw data and obtain QC reports. The microarray raw data were normalized using the quantile method. To find the statistically significant differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between two groups of samples, we calculated the mean of each probe across all the samples of the group. Next, we filtered out all the probes whose absolute value of the difference of mean values between the two groups was less than a selection threshold thetaDEM = 4 (that corresponds to a fold change of 2 in log2 scale), and we applied a Student's t-test with a significance threshold alphaDEM = 0.05. The PCA and the hierarchical clustering of genes and samples were performed with one minus the correlation metric and the unweighted average distance (UPGMA) linkage method. All the analysis algorithms and graphics were implemented functions in Matlab.

Project description:To study the biological functions of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and to identify their interplay with blood or liver cells, techniques allowing for the isolation and purification of LSEC have been developed over the last decades. The objective of the present review is to summarize and to compare the efficiency of existing methods for isolating murine LSEC. Toward this end, the MEDLINE database was searched for all original articles describing LSEC isolation from rat and mouse livers. Out of the 489 publications identified, 23 reported the main steps and outcomes of the procedure and were included in our review. Here, we report and analyse the technical details of the essential steps of the techniques used for LSEC isolation. The correlations between the prevalence of some steps and the efficiency of LSEC isolation were also identified. We found that centrifugal elutriation, selective adherence and, more recently, magnetic-activated cell sorting were used for LSEC purification. Centrifugal elutriation procured high yields of pure LSEC (for rats 30-141.9 million cells for 85-98% purities; for mice 9-9.25 million cells for >95% purities), but the use of this method remained limited due to its high technical requirements. Selective adherence showed inconsistent results in terms of cell yields and purities in rats (5-100 million cells for 73.7-95% purities). In contrast, magnetic-activated cell sorting allowed for the isolation of highly pure LSEC, but overall lower cell yields were reported (for rats 10.7 million cells with 97.6% purity; for mice 0.5-9 million cells with 90-98% purities). Notably, the controversies regarding the accuracy of several phenotypic markers for LSEC should be considered and their use for both magnetic sorting and characterization remain doubtful. It appears that more effort is needed to refine and standardize the procedure for LSEC isolation, with a focus on the identification of specific antigens. Such a procedure is required to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating the function of LSEC and to improve our understanding of their role in complex cellular processes in the liver.

Dataset Information

Silencing of sinusoidal DDR1 reduces murine liver metastasis by colon carcinoma.

Publications

Silencing of sinusoidal DDR1 reduces murine liver metastasis by colon carcinoma.

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