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Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates.

ABSTRACT: Reports from Arabian Gulf countries have demonstrated emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. To address the lack of data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), genetic characterisation of MRSA identified between December 2017 and August 2019 was conducted using DNA microarray-based assays. The 625 MRSA isolates studied were grouped into 23 clonal complexes (CCs) and assigned to 103 strains. CC5, CC6, CC22 and CC30 represented 54.2% (n/N?=?339/625) of isolates with other common CCs being CC1, CC8, CC772, CC361, CC80, CC88. Emergence of CC398 MRSA, CC5-MRSA-IV Sri Lanka Clone and ST5/ST225-MRSA-II, Rhine-Hesse EMRSA/New York-Japan Clone in our setting was detected. Variants of pandemic CC8-MRSA-[IVa?+?ACME I] (PVL+) USA300 were detected and majority of CC772 strains were CC772-MRSA-V (PVL+), "Bengal- Bay Clone". Novel MRSA strains identified include CC5-MRSA-V (edinA+), CC5-MRSA-[VT?+?fusC], CC5-MRSA-IVa (tst1+), CC5-MRSA-[V/VT?+?cas?+?fusC?+?ccrA/B-1], CC8-MRSA-V/VT, CC22-MRSA-[IV?+?fusC?+?ccrAA/(C)], CC45-MRSA-[IV?+?fusC?+?tir], CC80-MRSA-IVa, CC121-MRSA-V/VT, CC152-MRSA-[V?+?fusC] (PVL+). Although several strains harboured SCC-borne fusidic acid resistance (fusC) (n?=?181), erythromycin/clindamycin resistance (ermC) (n?=?132) and gentamicin resistance (aacA-aphD) (n?=?179) genes, none harboured vancomycin resistance genes while mupirocin resistance gene mupR (n?=?2) and cfr gene (n?=?1) were rare. An extensive MRSA repertoire including CCs previously unreported in the region and novel strains which probably arose locally suggest an evolving MRSA landscape.

SUBMITTER: Senok A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7596093 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates.

Senok Abiola A Nassar Rania R Celiloglu Handan H Nabi Anju A Alfaresi Mubarak M Weber Stefan S Rizvi Irfan I Müller Elke E Reissig Annett A Gawlik Darius D Monecke Stefan S Ehricht Ralf R

Scientific reports 20201029 1

Reports from Arabian Gulf countries have demonstrated emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. To address the lack of data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), genetic characterisation of MRSA identified between December 2017 and August 2019 was conducted using DNA microarray-based assays. The 625 MRSA isolates studied were grouped into 23 clonal complexes (CCs) and assigned to 103 strains. CC5, CC6, CC22 and CC30 represented 54.2% (n/N = 339/625) of isolate ...[more]

PMID: 33122734

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Project description:IntroductionMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major contributor to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As MRSA continues to evolve, the need for continued surveillance to evaluate trends remains crucial. This study was carried out to assess MRSA trends in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) based on analysis of data from the national AMR surveillance program.MethodsWe carried out a 12-year (2010-2021) retrospective analysis of MRSA demographic and microbiological data collected as part of the UAE national AMR surveillance program. Participating centers from across the country routinely submit AMR surveillance data collected by trained personnel to the National AMR Surveillance Committee, where data is analyzed using a unified WHONET platform. Data on non-duplicate isolates associated with clinical infections were obtained and included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 29,414 non-duplicate MRSA isolates associated with clinical infections were reported between 2010 and 2021 (2010: n = 259; 2021: n = 4,996). MRSA represented 26.4% of all S. aureus (n = 111,623) isolates identified during the study period. In 2010, among the S. aureus isolates with reported oxacillin testing, 21.9% (n/N = 259/1,181) were identified as MRSA and this showed an increase to 33.5% (n/N = 4,996/14,925) in 2021. Although there was variation in the distribution of MRSA across the seven emirates of the country, most had an upward trend. Patient demographics reflected a male preponderance, with most being adults and from the outpatient setting. Isolates were mostly from skin and soft tissue infection specimens (72.5%; n/N = 21,335/29,414). Among the inpatients (N = 8,282), a total of 3,313 MRSA isolates were from specimens obtained ≤ 48 h after admission indicative of community acquired infection. Increasing resistance trends were observed for most antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Low levels of resistance (0.0-0.8%) were sustained for linezolid except for 2015, 2016, and 2017 with 2.5, 2.6, and 2.9%, respectively. No confirmed vancomycin resistance was reported.ConclusionThe increasing trend of MRSA isolates associated with clinical infections in the hospital and community settings is a concern. Continued monitoring including incorporation of genomic surveillance and infection control measures are recommended to stem the dissemination.

Project description:ImportanceEstimating the US burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is important for planning and tracking success of prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo describe updated national estimates and characteristics of health care- and community-associated invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in 2011.Design, setting, and participantsActive laboratory-based case finding identified MRSA cultures in 9 US metropolitan areas from 2005 through 2011. Invasive infections (MRSA cultured from normally sterile body sites) were classified as health care-associated community-onset (HACO) infections (cultured ≤ 3 days after admission and/or prior year dialysis, hospitalization, surgery, long-term care residence, or central vascular catheter presence ≤ 2 days before culture); hospital-onset infections (cultured >3 days after admission); or community-associated infections if no other criteria were met. National estimates were adjusted using US census and US Renal Data System data.Main outcomes and measuresNational estimates of invasive HACO, hospital-onset, and community-associated MRSA infections using US census and US Renal Data System data as the denominator.ResultsAn estimated 80,461 (95% CI, 69,515-93,914) invasive MRSA infections occurred nationally in 2011. Of these, 48,353 (95% CI, 40,195-58,642) were HACO infections; 14,156 (95% CI, 10,096-20,440) were hospital-onset infections; and 16,560 (95% CI, 12,806-21,811) were community-associated infections. Since 2005, adjusted national estimated incidence rates decreased among HACO infections by 27.7% and hospital-onset infections decreased by 54.2%; community-associated infections decreased by only 5.0%. Among recently hospitalized community-onset (nondialysis) infections, 64% occurred 3 months or less after discharge, and 32% of these were admitted from long-term care facilities.Conclusions and relevanceAn estimated 30,800 fewer invasive MRSA infections occurred in the United States in 2011 compared with 2005; in 2011 fewer infections occurred among patients during hospitalization than among persons in the community without recent health care exposures. Effective strategies for preventing infections outside acute care settings will have the greatest impact on further reducing invasive MRSA infections nationally.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Globally, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogens that causes hospital- and community-acquired infections. The use of molecular typing methods is essential for determining the origin of the isolates, their clonal relations, and also epidemiological investigations. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant MRSA investigate the accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types and perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration of MRSA isolates was determined for vancomycin and daptomycin. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Two hundred and fifty-nine MRSA isolates were collected from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Coimbatore. Disk diffusion method was employed to assess the sensitivity of MRSA isolates to selected antibiotics and genetic analysis was performed using SCCmec, agr, and MLST typing by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction strategy. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using Ezy MIC (vancomycin) and Biomerieux (daptomycin) E-test strip. RESULTS:Of 259 MRSA isolates, 209 (80.7%) were confirmed as methicillin resistant. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that all the MRSA isolates were 100% sensitive to linezolid, rifampicin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. MIC results showed that of 209 MRSA isolates, 10 were found to be vancomycin intermediate S. aureus and 100% of the MRSA isolates were daptomycin-susceptible. The agr group I and SCCmec Type III were the major type among MRSA isolates. In addition to these MLST typing revealed the prevalence of sequence type (ST) 239 (SLV of ST8) among the MRSA isolates. CONCLUSION:This study confirms that ST239 (Brazilian clone) of MRSA is predominant in this region which is responsible for the hospital-acquired MRSA infections. Thus, the study also suggests that vancomycin and daptomycin can still be used as an alternative drug for treating severe MRSA infections.

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Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates.

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Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates.

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