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Dietary supplementation with canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has beneficial effects on bone and oxidative metabolism in European quail breeders.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with canthaxanthin (Cx) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on the production performance, egg quality, bone mineral content, blood biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status of European quail breeders. Two hundred and forty quail breeders were distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 diets and 8 replicates of 4 females and 2 males were used. All quail breeders received one of 5 diets: basal diet (containing 2,000 IU vitamin D3) or the same diet supplemented with 3 ppm Cx and 34.5 ?g 25-OH-D3, 6 ppm Cx and 69 ?g 25-OH-D3, 9 ppm Cx and 103.5 ?g 25-OH-D3, or 12 ppm Cx and 138 ?g 25-OH-D3. Production performance and internal and external egg quality parameters were not influenced by diet. Eggshell dry weight decreased linearly with increasing supplementation levels, and eggshell ash and calcium content increased quadratically. Plasma phosphorus, calcium, and ionic calcium levels in females and plasma ionic calcium levels in males showed a positive quadratic response to dietary supplementation. Femoral and tibiotarsal dry weight and calcium content were influenced by diet. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in the liver of males and females and in the serum of females showed a positive quadratic relationship with Cx and 25-OH-D3 levels, whereas the malonaldehyde concentration showed a negative quadratic relationship. DPPH scavenging activity in the serum of male quail increased linearly with supplementation. There was a positive quadratic effect on superoxide dismutase gene expression and a positive linear effect on glutathione peroxidase 7 gene expression, suggesting that dietary enrichment with Cx and 25-OH-D3 might help protect spermatozoa against oxidative damage. The dietary supplement was pro-oxidative at high concentrations (above 9 ppm Cx). The results indicate that diets with adequate levels of Cx and 25-OH-D3 have a beneficial effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism as well as on the antioxidant defense system. We recommend supplementing European quail breeders in the laying period with 6 ppm Cx and 69 ?g 25-OH-D3.

SUBMITTER: Bonagurio LP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7598104 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary supplementation with canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has beneficial effects on bone and oxidative metabolism in European quail breeders.

Bonagurio L P LP Cruz F K FK Kaneko I N IN Matumoto-Pintro P T PT Murakami A E AE Santos T C TC

Poultry science 20200703 10

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with canthaxanthin (Cx) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D<sub>3</sub>) on the production performance, egg quality, bone mineral content, blood biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status of European quail breeders. Two hundred and forty quail breeders were distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 diets and 8 replicates of 4 females and 2 males were used. All quail breeders received one of 5 diets: basal diet (conta ...[more]

PMID: 32988524

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Project description:Leg problems often result from the rapid weight gain and poor bone quality in modern ducks, leading to a high risk of fractures and continuous pain. We hypothesized that improving bone quality in combination with delaying weight gain via a low nutrient density (LND) diet probably reverses these skeletal abnormalities. Studies indicated that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3), a vitamin D3 metabolite, is effective in treating bone-related disorders. Therefore, Exp. 1 evaluated the effects of 25-OH-D3 on tibial mass of meat ducks. Male meat ducklings were fed a standard nutrient density diet (containing a regular vitamin regimen) without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg for 35 d. The results showed that 25-OH-D3 supplementation improved the mineral content, microarchitecture and mechanical properties of tibias, and this companied by a decreased serum bone resorption marker and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes expression. Subsequently, Exp. 2 was conducted to examine the impacts of 25-OH-D3 incorporating an LND diet on tibial quality of ducks under 2 different vitamin regimens (regular and high). Ducklings were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes and without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg in LND diets. The high premix had higher levels of all vitamins except biotin than the regular premix. The results demonstrated that high vitamin diets exhibited more significant effects than regular vitamin diets on inhibiting bone turnover and increasing minerals deposition. Tibial mineral content, microarchitecture, and strength of birds under the regular vitamin regimen were increased by 25-OH-D3 supplementation; However, these positive effects were not observed in ducks under the high vitamin regimen. To conclude, 25-OH-D3 supplementation improves tibial mass by suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in meat ducks, and this positive impact only was observed in regular but not high vitamin regimen when birds fed an LND diet.

Project description:A supplement of 69 ?g 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed increased livability in feed restricted (R-hens) broiler breeder hens by 9.9% and by 65.6% in hens allowed ad libitum feed intake (Ad-hens) in a feeding trial from age 26-60 weeks. Hens with higher bodyweight and/or adiposity suffered sudden death (SD) earlier in conjunction with compromised heart rhythms and over-ventilation. In the study with the same flock of hens, we demonstrate that 25-OH-D3 improved hen's livability and heart health by ameliorating systemic hypoxia, acidosis, and cardiac pathological hypertrophy through calcineurin-NFAT4c signaling and MHC- expression in association with reduced plasma triacylglycerol and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis (p < 0.05). In contrast to live hens sampled at 29, 35, and 47 weeks, SD hens exhibited severe cardiac hypertrophy that was either progressive (Ad-groups) or stable (R-groups). Actual and relative liver weights in SD hens from any group declined as the study progressed. Heart weight correlated significantly to total and relative liver weights in SD-hens of both R- and Ad-groups. In contrast to normal counterparts sampled at 35 and 47 weeks, R-hens exhibiting cardiac hypertrophy experienced severe hypoxia and acidosis, with increased bodyweight, absolute and relative weights of liver and heart, hepatic and plasma triacylglycerol content, and cardiac arrhythmia (p < 0.05). The present results demonstrate that pathological cardiac hypertrophy and functional failure are causative factors of SD and this pathogenic progression is accelerated by hepatopathology, particularly during the early age. Increased feed efficiency with rapid gains in BW and fat increase hens' risk for hypoxia, irreversible cardiac hypertrophy, and arrhythmias that cause functional compromise and SD. Additional supplementation of 69 mg/kg feed of 25-OH-D3 to the basal diet is effective to ameliorate cardiac pathogenesis and prevent SD in broiler breeder hens.

Project description:A supplement of 69 μg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed suppressed the mortality in feed-restricted broiler breeder hens and in hens allowed ad libitum feed intake (Ad-hens) in a feeding trial from age 26 to 60 wk. Outcomes for the mechanisms found that 25-OH-D3 relieved systemic hypoxia, pathological cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias, and hepatopathology to improve hens' livability. In the study, we further evaluated the effect of 25-OH-D3 on blood pressure and vascular remodeling relative to cardiac pathogenesis of sudden death (SD). Ad libitum feed intake increased mechanical loading and contributed to maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy as evidenced by consistently elevated peripheral arterial blood pressure in Ad-hens before SD (P < 0.05). In planned longitudinal measurements, Ad-hens also showed higher right ventricle systolic pressure and right ventricle diastolic pressure (RVDP) (P < 0.05). Supplemental 25-OH-D3 relieved peripheral hypertension and prevented time-dependent increases of RVDP in Ad-hens through the renin-angiotensin system and circulating nitric oxide availability and by regulating vascular remodeling including elastin/collagen ratio and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the pulmonary artery for improved elasticity/stiffness (P < 0.05). The antihypertensive effect via the renin-angiotensin system and nitric oxide regulation in respect to heart rate and arrhythmias by 25-OH-D3 were further confirmed in 51 week-old feed-restricted broiler breeder hens challenged with salt loading for 5 wk. Despite feed restriction, the most feed-efficient hens of feed-restricted groups also exhibited cardiac pathological hypertrophy, in conjunction with higher right ventricle systolic pressure, RVDP, plasma nitric oxide levels, and more dramatic arterial remodeling (P < 0.05). These results suggest that peripheral and pulmonary hypertension are the key drivers of SD and that 25-OH-D3 is an effective antihypertensive supplement to alleviate cardiac pathogenesis and improve livability in broiler breeder hens.

Project description:Introduction25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) is the active metabolite of regular vitamin D3 in vivo, which has a stronger biological activity and is more easily absorbed by the intestine than regular vitamin D3. Our study aimed to detect the potential influences of 25OHD3 on pork quality, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs receiving low-phosphorus (P) diet.Methods and resultsForty pigs [initial body weight (BW): 49.42 ± 4.01 kg] were allocated into two groups including low-P diet (CON group) and low-P diet supplemented with 50 μg/kg 25OHD3 (25OHD3 group). The whole experiment lasted for 88 days, including phase 1 (day 1-28), phase 2 (day 29-60), and phase 3 (day 61-88). The results showed that 25OHD3 supplementation tended to decrease feed conversion ratio in phase 3 and overall phase in comparison with the CON group. 25OHD3 increased (p < 0.05) serum contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased (p < 0.05) serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase level. 25OHD3 increased (p < 0.05) mucosal GSH-Px activity in the duodenum and ileum, and tended to increase redness value and the activities of total antioxidant capacity and SOD in longissimus dorsi. 25OHD3 significantly upregulated the mRNA level of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and tended to change the mRNA levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 in longissimus dorsi. Moreover, 25OHD3 supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) n-6/n-3 and iodine value in longissimus dorsi. For bone quality, 25OHD3 supplementation increased (p < 0.05) calcium content, bone mineral content, and breaking strength in the metacarpal bones. Moreover, the colonic abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly higher in pigs fed with 25OHD3, and exhibited a positive association with serum antioxidant status, pork quality, and bone characteristics.ConclusionOverall, the inclusion of 25OHD3 in low P diet partly improved production performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, bone properties, and gut microbiota composition of growing-finishing pigs.

Dataset Information

Dietary supplementation with canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has beneficial effects on bone and oxidative metabolism in European quail breeders.

Publications

Dietary supplementation with canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has beneficial effects on bone and oxidative metabolism in European quail breeders.

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