Dataset Information

Genetic Resources of Olea europaea L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos.

ABSTRACT: The area of the Garda Lake within the Trentino province (north of Italy) is the northernmost part of Europe where the Mediterranean species Olea europaea L. is traditionally cultivated. 'Casaliva' is claimed as the main variety traditionally grown in the Garda Trentino area (GT) from which a world renowned niche extra virgin olive oil is produced. Since a dominant presence of 'Casaliva' would link the fruit set success and yield to a self-pollination compatibility system, a deep genetic survey of the olive tree population in the GT has been performed with the aim of establishing the actual varietal composition and of understanding from which pollen donor the 'Casaliva' olives originate. Forty-four different genetic profiles were observed among the 205 leaf samples collected from 106 ancient trees through the analysis of 20 nuclear microsatellite markers. The varietal composition in modern orchards was also explored and the vast majority of the additional 151 trees analyzed showed the same genotype as the ancient accessions of 'Casaliva'. The results support the long historical link of 'Casaliva' with the GT and, besides a high varietal homogeneity, they also revealed the presence of olive genetic resources essential to fruit production. In fact, the parentage analysis of 550 embryos from drupes of 'Casaliva' evidenced that a cross-fertilization system is favored and a list of candidate cultivars most suitable as local pollinizers of 'Casaliva' was identified.

SUBMITTER: Moreno-Sanz P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7600466 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic Resources of <i>Olea europaea</i> L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos.

Moreno-Sanz Paula P Lombardo Luca L Lorenzi Silvia S Michelotti Franco F Grando Maria Stella MS

Genes 20201006 10

The area of the Garda Lake within the Trentino province (north of Italy) is the northernmost part of Europe where the Mediterranean species <i>Olea europaea</i> L. is traditionally cultivated. 'Casaliva' is claimed as the main variety traditionally grown in the Garda Trentino area (GT) from which a world renowned niche extra virgin olive oil is produced. Since a dominant presence of 'Casaliva' would link the fruit set success and yield to a self-pollination compatibility system, a deep genetic s ...[more]

PMID: 33036264

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Project description:BackgroundOlive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea, Oleaceae) has been the most emblematic perennial crop for Mediterranean countries since its domestication around 6000 years ago in the Levant. Two taxonomic varieties are currently recognized: cultivated (var. europaea) and wild (var. sylvestris) trees. However, it remains unclear whether olive cultivars derive from a single initial domestication event followed by secondary diversification, or whether cultivated lineages are the result of more than a single, independent primary domestication event. To shed light into the recent evolution and domestication of the olive tree, here we analyze a group of newly sequenced and available genomes using a phylogenomics and population genomics framework.ResultsWe improved the assembly and annotation of the reference genome, newly sequenced the genomes of twelve individuals: ten var. europaea, one var. sylvestris, and one outgroup taxon (subsp. cuspidata)-and assembled a dataset comprising whole genome data from 46 var. europaea and 10 var. sylvestris. Phylogenomic and population structure analyses support a continuous process of olive tree domestication, involving a major domestication event, followed by recurrent independent genetic admixture events with wild populations across the Mediterranean Basin. Cultivated olives exhibit only slightly lower levels of genetic diversity than wild forms, which can be partially explained by the occurrence of a mild population bottleneck 3000-14,000 years ago during the primary domestication period, followed by recurrent introgression from wild populations. Genes associated with stress response and developmental processes were positively selected in cultivars, but we did not find evidence that genes involved in fruit size or oil content were under positive selection. This suggests that complex selective processes other than directional selection of a few genes are in place.ConclusionsAltogether, our results suggest that a primary domestication area in the eastern Mediterranean basin was followed by numerous secondary events across most countries of southern Europe and northern Africa, often involving genetic admixture with genetically rich wild populations, particularly from the western Mediterranean Basin.

Dataset Information

Genetic Resources of Olea europaea L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos.

Publications

Genetic Resources of <i>Olea europaea</i> L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos.

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