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?-Phenylethylamine as a Natural Food Additive Shows Antimicrobial Activity against Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Foods.

ABSTRACT: Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen and a major cause of death associated with bacterial foodborne infections. Control of L. monocytogenes on most ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains a challenge. The potential use of ?-phenylethylamine (PEA) as an organic antimicrobial against L. monocytogenes was evaluated in an effort to develop a new intervention for its control. Using a collection of 62 clinical and food-related isolates we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PEA against L. monocytogenes in different broth and agar media. Bologna type sausage (lyoner) and smoked salmon were used as food model systems to validate the in vitro findings. PEA had a growth inhibitory and bactericidal effect against L. monocytogenes both in in vitro experiments as well as on lyoner and smoked salmon. The MIC's ranged from 8 to 12.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, PEA also inhibited L. monocytogenes biofilm formation. Based on good manufacturing practices as a prerequisite, the application of PEA to RTE products might be an additional hurdle to limit L. monocytogenes growth thereby increasing food safety.

SUBMITTER: Muchaamba F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7600551 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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β-Phenylethylamine as a Natural Food Additive Shows Antimicrobial Activity against Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Foods.

Muchaamba Francis F Stephan Roger R Tasara Taurai T

Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 20200925 10

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen and a major cause of death associated with bacterial foodborne infections. Control of L. monocytogenes on most ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains a challenge. The potential use of β-phenylethylamine (PEA) as an organic antimicrobial against L. monocytogenes was evaluated in an effort to develop a new intervention for its control. Using a collection of 62 clinical and food-related isolates we determined the minimum inhib ...[more]

PMID: 32992828

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Project description:Antimicrobial resistance is an existential threat to the health sector, with far-reaching consequences in managing microbial infections. In this study, one hundred and ninety-four Listeria monocytogenes isolates were profiled for susceptibility using disc diffusion techniques. Possible foodborne listeriosis risk associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) foods (RTEF) and the risk of empirical treatment (EMPT) of L. monocytogenes infections, using multiple antimicrobial resistance indices (MARI) and antimicrobial resistance indices (ARI), respectively, were investigated. Twelve European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) prescribed/recommended antimicrobials (EPAS) for the treatment of listeriosis and ten non-prescribed antimicrobials (non-PAS)] were evaluated. Antimicrobial resistance > 50% against PAs including sulfamethoxazole (61.86%), trimethoprim (56.19%), amoxicillin (42.27%), penicillin (41.24%), and erythromycin (40.21%) was observed. Resistance > 50% against non-PAS, including oxytetracycline (60.89%), cefotetan (59.28%), ceftriaxone (53.09%), and streptomycin (40.21%) was also observed. About 55.67% and 65.46% of the isolates had MARI scores ranging from 0.25-0.92 and 0.30-0.70 for EPAs and non-PAs, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the MARI scores of the isolates for EPAs and non-PAs (means of 0.27 ± 0.21 and 0.31 ± 0.14, respectively). MARI/ARI scores above the Krumperman permissible threshold (>0.2) suggested a high risk/level of antimicrobial-resistant L. monocytogenes. The MARI risks of the non-success of empirical treatment (EMPT) attributed to EPAs and non-PAs were generally high (55.67% and 65.463%, respectively) due to the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. MARI-based estimated success and non-success of EMPT if EUCAST-prescribed antimicrobials were administered for the treatment of listeriosis were 44.329% and 55.67%, respectively. The EMPT if non-prescribed antimicrobials were administered for the treatment of listeriosis was 34.53% and 65.46%, respectively. This indicates a potentially high risk with PAs and non-PAs for the treatment of L. monocytogenes infection. Furthermore, ARI scores ≤ 0.2 for EPAs were observed in polony, potato chips, muffins, and assorted sandwiches, whereas ARI scores for non-PAs were >0.2 across all the RTE food types. The ARI-based estimate identified potential risks associated with some RTE foods, including fried fish, red Vienna sausage, Russian sausage, fruit salad, bread, meat pies, fried chicken, cupcakes, and vetkoek. This investigation identified a high risk of EMPT due to the presence of antimicrobial-resistant L. monocytogenes in RTE foods, which could result in severe health consequences.

Project description:Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen with a high mortality rate in humans. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic potential of L. monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and pasteurized milk in China on the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Approximately 7.7% (44/570) samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes among 10.8% (39/360) RTE and 2.4% (5/210) pasteurized milk samples, of which 77.3% (34/44) had < 10 MPN/g, 18.2% (8/44) had 10-110 MPN/g, and 4.5% (2/44) had > 110 MPN/g. A total of 48 strains (43 from RTE foods and five from milk samples) of L. monocytogenes were isolated from 44 positive samples. PCR-serogroup analysis revealed that the most prevalent serogroup was II.2 (1/2b-3b-7), accounting for 52.1% (25/48) of the total, followed by serogroup I.1 (1/2a-3a) accounting for 33.3% (16/48), serogroup I.2 (1/2c-3c) accounting for 12.5% (6/48), and serogroup II.1 (4b-4d-4e) accounting for 2.1%. All isolates were grouped into 11 sequence types (STs) belonging to 10 clonal complexes (CCs) and one singleton (ST619) via multi-locus sequence typing. The most prevalent ST was ST87 (29.2%), followed by ST8 (22.9%), and ST9 (12.5%). Virulence genes determination showed that all isolates harbored eight virulence genes belonging to Listeria pathogenicity islands 1 (LIPI-1) (prfA, actA, hly, mpl, plcA, plcB, and iap) and inlB. Approximately 85.4% isolates carried full-length inlA, whereas seven isolates had premature stop codons in inlA, six of which belonged to ST9 and one to ST5. Furthermore, LLS (encoded by llsX gene, representing LIPI-3) displays bactericidal activity and modifies the host microbiota during infection. LIPI-4 enhances neural and placental tropisms of L. monocytogenes. Results showed that six (12.5%) isolates harbored the llsX gene, and they belonged to ST1/CC1, ST3/CC3, and ST619. Approximately 31.3% (15/48) isolates (belonging to ST87/CC87 and ST619) harbored ptsA (representing LIPI-4), indicating the potential risk of this pathogen. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that > 95% isolates were susceptible to 16 antimicrobials; however, 60.4 and 22.9% isolates were intermediately resistant to streptomycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The results show that several isolates harbor LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 genes, which may be a possible transmission route for Listeria infections in consumers.

Dataset Information

?-Phenylethylamine as a Natural Food Additive Shows Antimicrobial Activity against Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Foods.

Publications

β-Phenylethylamine as a Natural Food Additive Shows Antimicrobial Activity against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> on Ready-to-Eat Foods.

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