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Ectopic Expression of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1) Improves the Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Hairy Roots.

ABSTRACT: The development of genetically engineered cell cultures has been suggested as a potential approach for the production of target compounds from medicinal plants. In this study, we generated PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1)-overexpressing ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots to improve the production of anthocyanins, as well as the bioactivity (e.g., antioxidant and whitening activities) of ginseng. Based on differentially expressed gene analysis, we found that ectopic expression of PAP1 induced the expression of genes involved in the 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis' (24 genes), and 'flavonoid biosynthesis' (17 genes) pathways, resulting in 191- to 341-fold increases in anthocyanin production compared to transgenic control (TC) hairy roots. Additionally, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots exhibited an approximately seven-fold higher DPPH-free radical scavenging activity and 10-fold higher ORAC value compared to the TC. In ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots strongly inhibited the accumulation of melanin by 50 to 59% compared to mock-control. Furthermore, results obtained by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and tyrosinase inhibition assay suggested that the anti-melanogenic activity of PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots is mediated by tyrosinase activity inhibition. Taken together, our results suggested that the ectopic expression of PAP1 is an effective strategy for the enhancement of anthocyanin production, which improves the biological activities of ginseng root cultures.

SUBMITTER: Jin S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7601150 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ectopic Expression of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1) Improves the Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Hairy Roots.

Jin Sora S Hyun Tae Kyung TK

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 20200926 10

The development of genetically engineered cell cultures has been suggested as a potential approach for the production of target compounds from medicinal plants. In this study, we generated PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1)-overexpressing ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots to improve the production of anthocyanins, as well as the bioactivity (e.g., antioxidant and whitening activities) of ginseng. Based on differentially expressed gene analysis, we found that ec ...[more]

PMID: 32993165

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Project description:We aimed to investigate the effects of genome, age, and soil factors on cultivated Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (CPG) compounds under identical climate and agronomic practices. Eight populations of CPG from different years and rhizosphere soils were collected from garden and cropland in the city of Ji'an, China. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used to detect genetic diversity and identity, and soil microbial community diversity. Soil enzyme activities and nutrients were also measured. The contents of total ginsenosides (TG), Rg1, Re, Rf, Rd, and ginsenoside extractions of CPG were analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC. The relative importance of each factor was analyzed by mathematical methods such as correlation analysis, stepwise line regression, and path analysis. Regression equations of similarity values of HPLC fingerprint (SVHF), richness index of HPLC fingerprint (RIHF) and the TG, Rg1, Re, Rf, and Rd contents with their respective significant correlation factors were obtained. For SVHF, the relative importance is age>microbial community diversity>genetic diversity. For RIHF, the relative importance is age>genetic diversity>microbial community diversity. For TG, Rg1, and Rf contents, the relative importance is age>microbial community diversity. Ginseng age and genetic identity influenced Rd content, and age was more important. Total phosphorus was the only directly negative effect on Re. According to regression equations and path analysis, increasing age and decreasing Shannon (H') could improve the TG, Rg1, and Rf contents, with little effect on SVHF. Adding age, genetic diversity, and decreasing Shannon (H') increased RIHF. Adding age and genetic identity could also improve Rd content. Appropriate decreases in total phosphorus might increase Re content. These findings are significant for CPG scientific cultivation methods, through which CPG bioactive ingredients could be finely controlled via regulation of genotypes and cultural conditions.

Dataset Information

Ectopic Expression of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1) Improves the Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Hairy Roots.

Publications

Ectopic Expression of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (<i>PAP1</i>) Improves the Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Hairy Roots.

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