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Transcriptome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and their potential roles in low temperature stress responses.

ABSTRACT: As upstream components of MAPK cascades, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) act as adaptors linking upstream signaling steps to the core MAPK cascades. MAPK cascades are universal modules of signal transduction in eukaryotic organisms and play crucial roles in plant development processes and in responses to biotic and abiotic stress and signal transduction. Members of the MAPKKK gene family have been identified in several plants,however, MAPKKKs have not been systematically studied in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.). In this study, 55 potential CdMAPKKKs were produced from bermudagrass transcriptome data, of which 13 belonged to the MEKK, 38 to the Raf, and 4 to the ZIK subfamily. Multiple alignment and conserved motif analysis of CdMAPKKKs supported the evolutionary relationships inferred from phylogenetic analyses. Moreover, the distribution pattern in Poaceae species indicated that members of the MAPKKK family were conserved among almost all diploid species, and species-specific polyploidy or higher duplication ratios resulted in an expansion of the MAPKKK family. In addition, 714 co-functional links which were significantly enriched in signal transduction, responses to temperature stimuli, and other important biological processes of 55 CdMAPKKKs were identified using co-functional gene networks analysis; 30 and 19 co-functional genes involved in response to cold or heat stress, respectively, were also identified. Results of promoter analyses, and interaction network investigation of all CdMAPKKKs based on the rice homologs suggested that CdMAPKKKs are commonly associated with regulation of numerous biological processes. Furthermore, 12 and 13 CdMAPKKKs were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in response to low temperature stress; among them, six CdMAPKKKs were significantly induced by low temperature stress, at least at one point in time. This is the first study to conduct identification and functional analysis of the MAPKKK gene family in bermudagrass, and our results provide a foundation for further research on the functions of CdMAPKKKs in response to low temperature stress.

SUBMITTER: Wang W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7602684 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes in bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> L.) and their potential roles in low temperature stress responses.

Wang Wei W Shao An A Amombo Erick E Fan Shugao S Xu Xiao X Fu Jinmin J

PeerJ 20201028

As upstream components of MAPK cascades, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) act as adaptors linking upstream signaling steps to the core MAPK cascades. MAPK cascades are universal modules of signal transduction in eukaryotic organisms and play crucial roles in plant development processes and in responses to biotic and abiotic stress and signal transduction. Members of the MAPKKK gene family have been identified in several plants,however, MAPKKKs have not been systematicall ...[more]

PMID: 33194398

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Project description:BackgroundBermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important warm-season turfgrass species with well-developed stolons, which lay the foundation for the fast propagation of bermudagrass plants through asexual clonal growth. However, the growth and development of bermudagrass stolons are still poorly understood at the molecular level.ResultsIn this study, we comprehensively analyzed the acetylation and succinylation modifications of proteins in fast-growing stolons of the bermudagrass cultivar Yangjiang. A total of 4657 lysine acetylation sites on 1914 proteins and 226 lysine succinylation sites on 128 proteins were successfully identified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Furthermore, 78 proteins and 81 lysine sites were found to be both acetylated and succinylated. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that acetylated proteins regulate diverse reactions of carbohydrate metabolism and protein turnover, whereas succinylated proteins mainly regulate the citrate cycle. These results partly explained the different growth disturbances of bermudagrass stolons under treatment with sodium butyrate and sodium malonate, which interfere with protein acetylation and succinylation, respectively. Moreover, 140 acetylated proteins and 42 succinylated proteins were further characterized having similarly modified orthologs in other grass species. Site-specific mutations combined with enzymatic activity assays indicated that the conserved acetylation of catalase and succinylation of malate dehydrogenase both inhibited their activities, further implying important regulatory roles of the two modifications.ConclusionIn summary, our study implied that lysine acetylation and succinylation of proteins possibly play important regulatory roles in the fast growth of bermudagrass stolons. The results not only provide new insights into clonal growth of bermudagrass but also offer a rich resource for functional analyses of protein lysine acetylation and succinylation in plants.

Dataset Information

Transcriptome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and their potential roles in low temperature stress responses.

Publications

Transcriptome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes in bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> L.) and their potential roles in low temperature stress responses.

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