Dataset Information

Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors.

ABSTRACT: The epithelial and mesenchymal cells involved in early embryonic facial development are guided by complex regulatory mechanisms. Any factor perturbing the growth, approach and fusion of the frontonasal and maxillary processes could result in orofacial clefts that represent the most common craniofacial malformations in humans. The rarest and, probably for this reason, the least studied form of cleft involves only the secondary palate, which is posterior to the incisive foramen. The etiology of cleft palate only is multifactorial and involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. The intention of this review is to give the reader an overview of the efforts made by researchers to shed light on the underlying causes of this birth defect. Most of the scientific papers suggesting potential environmental and genetic causes of non-syndromic cleft palate are summarized in this review, including genome-wide association and gene-environment interaction studies.

SUBMITTER: Martinelli M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7606870 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors.

Martinelli Marcella M Palmieri Annalisa A Carinci Francesco F Scapoli Luca L

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 20201020

The epithelial and mesenchymal cells involved in early embryonic facial development are guided by complex regulatory mechanisms. Any factor perturbing the growth, approach and fusion of the frontonasal and maxillary processes could result in orofacial clefts that represent the most common craniofacial malformations in humans. The rarest and, probably for this reason, the least studied form of cleft involves only the secondary palate, which is posterior to the incisive foramen. The etiology of cl ...[more]

PMID: 33195260

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Project description:The etiology and pathogenesis of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P) are largely unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are thought to play important roles in NSCL/P, but reports on the underlying processes are currently unavailable. Our study focused on children diagnosed with NSCL/P alone. Based on the morphology, patients were categorized as either cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) or cleft palate-only (CPO). When patients received surgery for NSCL/P, tissue excised from the trimmed wound edge was reserved to serve as experimental samples; adjacent normal tissue was used as a positive control. Target lncRNAs in the collected tissues were identified using microarray and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and RT-qPCR were used to verify the target mRNAs. Pathway, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and TargetScan prediction were employed to construct endogenous RNA networks (ceRNA networks) and explore their potential functions. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 24 upregulated and 43 downregulated lncRNAs in the CL/P and CPO groups compared with those in the control group; of these, MALAT1and NEAT1 were screened and validated using RT-qPCR. Common NSCL/P risk factors positively correlated with MALAT1 and NEAT1 expression (ORMALAT1 = 28.111, 95% CI: 4.054-194.923; ORNEAT1 = 30.556, 95% CI: 4.422-211.142; P < 0.05). Bioinformatics predicted four ceRNA networks: MALAT1-hsa-miR-1224-3p-SP1, MALAT1-hsa-miR-6734-5p/hsa-miR-1224-3p-WNT10A, NEAT1-hsa-miR-140-3p.1-CXCR4, and NEAT1-hsa-miR-3129-5p/hsa-miR-199a-3p/hsa-miR-199b-3p-ZEB1. GO enrichment focused on the potential functions of ceRNA networks, including biosynthesis of organic cyclic compounds, formation of membrane-enclosed and organelle lumens, and Wnt-protein binding. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with those of IHC staining with regard to expression of related mRNAs. MALAT1 and NEAT1, which are upregulated in NSCL/P, are associated with the severity of NSCL/P. This study provides a new insight into NSCL/P pathogenesis and suggests that MALAT1 and NEAT1 act as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for NSCL/P.

Dataset Information

Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors.

Publications

Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors.

Similar Datasets

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