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The earliest Denisovans and their cultural adaptation.

ABSTRACT: Since the initial identification of the Denisovans a decade ago, only a handful of their physical remains have been discovered. Here we analysed ~3,800 non-diagnostic bone fragments using collagen peptide mass fingerprinting to locate new hominin remains from Denisova Cave (Siberia, Russia). We identified five new hominin bones, four of which contained sufficient DNA for mitochondrial analysis. Three carry mitochondrial DNA of the Denisovan type and one was found to carry mtDNA of the Neanderthal type. The former come from the same archaeological layer near the base of the cave's sequence and are the oldest securely dated evidence of Denisovans at 200 ka (thousand years ago) (205-192 ka at 68.2% or 217-187 ka at 95% probability). The stratigraphic context in which they were located contains a wealth of archaeological material in the form of lithics and faunal remains, allowing us to determine the material culture associated with these early hominins and explore their behavioural and environmental adaptations. The combination of bone collagen fingerprinting and genetic analyses has so far more-than-doubled the number of hominin bones at Denisova Cave and has expanded our understanding of Denisovan and Neanderthal interactions, as well as their archaeological signatures.

SUBMITTER: Brown S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7612221 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The earliest Denisovans and their cultural adaptation.

Brown Samantha S Massilani Diyendo D Kozlikin Maxim B MB Shunkov Michael V MV Derevianko Anatoly P AP Stoessel Alexander A Jope-Street Blair B Meyer Matthias M Kelso Janet J Pääbo Svante S Higham Thomas T Douka Katerina K

Nature ecology & evolution 20211125 1

Since the initial identification of the Denisovans a decade ago, only a handful of their physical remains have been discovered. Here we analysed ~3,800 non-diagnostic bone fragments using collagen peptide mass fingerprinting to locate new hominin remains from Denisova Cave (Siberia, Russia). We identified five new hominin bones, four of which contained sufficient DNA for mitochondrial analysis. Three carry mitochondrial DNA of the Denisovan type and one was found to carry mtDNA of the Neandertha ...[more]

PMID: 34824388

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Project description:BackgroundPeyronie's disease has an impact on men's mental and physical health.AimWe sought to translate the Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire into Danish, adapt it to the Danish cultural setting, and test it in a Danish population.MethodsTranslation of the Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire was performed according to the guidelines for adapting health status measures for use in languages other than the source language by Beaton et al. The validated American Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire was developed to monitor patient symptoms after an intervention and to inspire a subsequent dialogue about physical and psychological symptoms with a healthcare provider, thereby allowing the patient and the healthcare professional to choose the best treatment. The expert committee agreed on a Danish version after cross-cultural adaptation. The Danish Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire was sent by electronic mail to a preselected group of 41 men with Peyronie's disease.OutcomesAfter completing the questionnaire, 32 men participated in a video interview regarding the questionnaire and were asked to identify any problematic fields or areas open to misunderstanding.ResultsThe Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire underwent major modifications in light of the comments of the first 10 respondents. Thereafter, only minor changes were made until data saturation was reached after 27 of the 32 respondents had been interviewed. In 87% of respondents Peyronie's disease bothered from the last time they had intercourse, and 93% of the men experienced being bothered by having intercourse less often. Peyronie's disease made 73% of respondents feel bodily discomfort, and 88% had intercourse less often than they used to have due to Peyronie's disease.Clinical implicationsThe Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire is a valuable tool in the crucial task of addressing Peyronie's disease, providing insight into the mental and sexual health problems as well as physical challenges faced by patients.Strengths and limitationsThe interviewer's modest experience in conducting interviews is believed to have been duly compensated for by continuous and accumulating learning-while-doing process because the same interviewer conducted all of the interviews and did so consecutively.ConclusionsDanish men expressed satisfaction with the questionnaire and found it valuable as a tool when visiting the doctor for the first time.

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The earliest Denisovans and their cultural adaptation.

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The earliest Denisovans and their cultural adaptation.

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