Dataset Information

Desacetyl-?-MSH and ?-MSH have sex specific interactions with diet to influence mouse gut morphology, metabolites and microbiota.

ABSTRACT: The melanocortin peptides have an important role in regulating body weight and appetite. Mice that lack the desacetyl-?-MSH and ?-MSH peptides (Pomctm1/tm1) develop obesity. This effect is exacerbated by a high fat diet (HFD). However, development of obesity in female Pomctm1/tm1 mice during chronic HFD conditions is not fully accounted for by the increased energy intake. We hypothesized that the protection against chronic HFD-induced obesity imparted by MSH peptides in females is mediated by sex-specific alterations in the gut structure and gut microbiota. We determined that female WT mice had reduced jejunum villus length and increased crypt depth in response to chronic HFD. WT males and Pomctm1/tm1 mice lacked this adaptation to a chronic HFD. Both Pomctm1/tm1 genotype and chronic HFD were significantly associated with gut microbiota composition. Sex-specific associations between Pomctm1/tm1 genotype and gut microbiota were observed in the presence of a chronic HFD. Pomctm1/tm1 females had significantly reduced fecal acetate and propionate concentrations when compared to WT females. We conclude that MSH peptides influence jejunum villus length, crypt depth and the structure of the gut microbiota. These effects favor reduced nutrient absorption and occur in addition to the recognized roles of desacetyl-?-MSH and ?-MSH peptides in appetite control.

SUBMITTER: Sun B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7641164 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH have sex specific interactions with diet to influence mouse gut morphology, metabolites and microbiota.

Sun Bo B Vatanen Tommi T Jayasinghe Thilini N TN McKenzie Elizabeth E Murphy Rinki R O'Sullivan Justin M JM

Scientific reports 20201103 1

The melanocortin peptides have an important role in regulating body weight and appetite. Mice that lack the desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH peptides (Pomc<sup>tm1/tm1</sup>) develop obesity. This effect is exacerbated by a high fat diet (HFD). However, development of obesity in female Pomc<sup>tm1/tm1</sup> mice during chronic HFD conditions is not fully accounted for by the increased energy intake. We hypothesized that the protection against chronic HFD-induced obesity imparted by MSH peptides in fem ...[more]

PMID: 33144604

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Project description:BackgroundThis study examined the effects of a solid-state fermented feed additive (FFA) on the small intestine histology/morphology, immunity and microbiota of broilers. Two hundred eighty-eight day-old Arbor Acre chicks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (each group has 6 replicates, with each replicate containing 12 chickens). The negative control (NC; basal diet), the positive control (PC; basal diet +antibiotic 15 ppm), the fermented feed additive low dose (FFL; basal diet + 0.3 kg/t FFA), and the fermented feed additive high dose (FFH; 3 kg/t FFA) with Lactobacillus casei (L.casei).ResultsThe study found that the FFH and FFL groups gained more weight (1-21d) and the FFL and PC diets had better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) than the NC from 0-42d. The FFH group had higher villus height (P < 0.05) in the duodenum than the PC and villus height to crypt depth ratio VH/CD compared to PC and FFL groups. The FFL chickens had greater (P < 0.05) jejunal and ileal villus height than PC and NC groups respectively. The FFL group had a higher ileal VH/CD ratio (P < 0.05). Jejunum VH/CD was higher in FFL and FFH (P < 0.05) than PC (P < 0.05). FFH had a smaller thymus than NC (P < 0.05). FFA diets also increased IL-10 expression (P < 0.05). While IL-1 and TLR4 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05) compared to NC. The microbiota analysis showed that the microorganisms that have pathogenic properties such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes was also significantly reduced in the group treated with FFH and PC while microorganisms having beneficial properties like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp were also tended to increase in the FFH and FFL fermented feed groups compared to the PC and NC groups.ConclusionThese findings suggested that the FFA diet may modulate cecal microbiota by reducing pathogenic microorganisms such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes improve beneficial microorganisms like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp. While FFA diet also affect immunity, and gene expression related to immunity.

Dataset Information

Desacetyl-?-MSH and ?-MSH have sex specific interactions with diet to influence mouse gut morphology, metabolites and microbiota.

Publications

Desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH have sex specific interactions with diet to influence mouse gut morphology, metabolites and microbiota.

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