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Full strength and toughness recovery after repeated cracking and healing in bone-like high temperature ceramics.

ABSTRACT: Bones of humans and animals combine two unique features, namely: they are brittle yet have a very high fracture toughness linked to the tortuosity of the crack path and they have the ability to repeatedly heal local fissures such that full recovery of overall mechanical properties is obtained even if the local bone structure is irreversibly changed by the healing process. Here it is demonstrated that Ti₂AlC MAX phase metallo-ceramics also having a bone-like hierarchical microstructure and also failing along zig-zag fracture surfaces similarly demonstrate repeated full strength and toughness recovery at room temperature, even though the (high temperature) healing reaction involves the local formation of dense and brittle alumina within the crack. Full recovery of the fracture toughness depends on the healed zone thickness and process zone size formed in the alumina reaction product. A 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM) analysis of the data obtained from a newly designed wedge splitting test allowed full extraction of the local fracture properties of the healed cracks.

SUBMITTER: Osada T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7643164 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Full strength and toughness recovery after repeated cracking and healing in bone-like high temperature ceramics.

Osada Toshio T Watabe Aiko A Yamamoto Joji J Brouwer Johannes C JC Kwakernaak Cees C Ozaki Shingo S van der Zwaag Sybrand S Sloof Willem G WG

Scientific reports 20201104 1

Bones of humans and animals combine two unique features, namely: they are brittle yet have a very high fracture toughness linked to the tortuosity of the crack path and they have the ability to repeatedly heal local fissures such that full recovery of overall mechanical properties is obtained even if the local bone structure is irreversibly changed by the healing process. Here it is demonstrated that Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase metallo-ceramics also having a bone-like hierarchical microstructure ...[more]

PMID: 33149157

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Project description:Collagen cross-linking is altered in many diseases of bone, and enzymatic collagen cross-links are important to bone quality, as evidenced by losses of strength after lysyl oxidase inhibition (lathyrism). We hypothesized that cross-links also contribute directly to bone fracture toughness. A mouse model of lathyrism using subcutaneous injection of up to 500?mg/kg ?-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) was developed and characterized (60 animals across 4 dosage groups). Three weeks of 150 or 350?mg/kg BAPN treatment in young, growing mice significantly reduced cortical bone fracture toughness, strength, and pyridinoline cross-link content. Ratios reflecting relative cross-link maturity were positive regressors of fracture toughness (HP/[DHLNL?+?HLNL] r(2) ?=?0.208, p?<?0.05; [HP?+?LP]/[DHNL?+?HLNL] r(2) ?=?0.196, p?<?0.1), whereas quantities of mature pyridinoline cross-links were significant positive regressors of tissue strength (lysyl pyridinoline r(2) ?=?0.159, p?=?0.014; hydroxylysyl pyridinoline r(2) ?=?0.112, p?<?0.05). Immature and pyrrole cross-links, which were not significantly reduced by BAPN, did not correlate with mechanical properties. The effect of BAPN treatment on mechanical properties was dose specific, with the greatest impact found at the intermediate (350?mg/kg) dose. Calcein labeling was used to define locations of new bone formation, allowing for the identification of regions of normally cross-linked (preexisting) and BAPN-treated (newly formed, cross-link-deficient) bone. Raman spectroscopy revealed spatial differences attributable to relative tissue age and effects of cross-link inhibition. Newly deposited tissues had lower mineral/matrix, carbonate/phosphate, and Amide I cross-link (matrix maturity) ratios compared with preexisting tissues. BAPN treatment did not affect mineral measures but significantly increased the cross-link (matrix maturity) ratio compared with newly formed control tissue. Our study reveals that spatially localized effects of short-term BAPN cross-link inhibition can alter the whole-bone collagen cross-link profile to a measureable degree, and this cross-link profile correlates with bone fracture toughness and strength. Thus, cross-link profile perturbations associated with bone disease may provide insight into bone mechanical quality and fracture risk.

Dataset Information

Full strength and toughness recovery after repeated cracking and healing in bone-like high temperature ceramics.

Publications

Full strength and toughness recovery after repeated cracking and healing in bone-like high temperature ceramics.

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