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Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Cannabis Use: Preliminary Results for the Role of Parental Care Perception.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Vulnerability to cannabis use (CU) initiation and problematic use have been shown to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors, with still inconclusive and uncertain evidence. OBJECTIVE:Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible interplay between gene polymorphisms and psychosocial conditions in CU susceptibility. METHODS:Ninety-two cannabis users and ninety-three controls have been included in the study. Exclusion criteria were serious mental health disorders and severe somatic disorders, use of other drugs and alcohol abuse; control subjects were not screened to remove Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors. A candidate gene association study was performed, including variants related to dopaminergic and endocannabinoids pathways. Adverse childhood experiences and quality of parental care have been retrospectively explored utilizing ACES (Adverse Children Experience Scale), CECA-q (Child Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire), PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument). RESULTS:Our findings evidenced a significant association between rs1800497 Taq1A of ANKK1 gene and CU. Parental care was found to be protective factor, with emotional and physical neglect specifically influencing CU. Gender also played a role in CU, with males smoking more than females. However, when tested together genotypes and psychosocial variables, the significance of observed genetic differences disappeared. CONCLUSIONS:Our results confirm a significant role of Taq1A polymorphism in CU vulnerability. A primary role of environmental factors in mediating genetic risk has been highlighted: parental care could be considered the main target to design early prevention programs and strategies.

SUBMITTER: Gerra MC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7643561 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Cannabis Use: Preliminary Results for the Role of Parental Care Perception.

Gerra Maria Carla MC Manfredini Matteo M Cortese Elena E Antonioni Maria Caterina MC Leonardi Claudio C Magnelli Fernanda F Somaini Lorenzo L Jayanthi Subramaniam S Cadet Jean Lud JL Donnini Claudia C

Substance use & misuse 20190120 4

<h4>Background</h4>Vulnerability to cannabis use (CU) initiation and problematic use have been shown to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors, with still inconclusive and uncertain evidence.<h4>Objective</h4>Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible interplay between gene polymorphisms and psychosocial conditions in CU susceptibility.<h4>Methods</h4>Ninety-two cannabis users and ninety-three controls have been included in the study. Exclusion criteria were serious ...[more]

PMID: 30663487

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Project description:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Parental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and parental separation are associated with increased risk for early use of alcohol in offspring, but whether they increase risks for early use of other substances and for early sexual debut is under-studied. We focused on associations of parental AUDs and parental separation with substance initiation and sexual debut to (1) test the strength of the associations of parental AUDs and parental separation with time to initiation (age in years) of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and sexual debut and (2) compare the strength of association of parental AUD and parental separation with initiation. DESIGN:Prospective adolescent and young adult cohort of a high-risk family study, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). SETTING:Six sites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 3257 offspring (aged 14-33 years) first assessed in 2004 and sought for interview approximately every 2 years thereafter; 1945 (59.7%) offspring had a parent with an AUD. MEASUREMENTS:Diagnostic interview data on offspring substance use and sexual debut were based on first report of these experiences. Parental life-time AUD was based on their own self-report when parents were interviewed (1991-2005) for most parents, or on offspring and other family member reports for parents who were not interviewed. Parental separation was based on offspring reports of not living with both biological parents most of the time between ages 12 and 17 years. FINDINGS:Parental AUDs were associated with increased hazards for all outcomes, with cumulative hazards ranging from 1.19 to 2.71. Parental separation was also an independent and consistent predictor of early substance use and sexual debut, with hazards ranging from 1.19 to 2.34. The strength of association of parental separation with substance initiation was equal to that of having two AUD-affected parents, and its association with sexual debut was stronger than the association of parental AUD in one or both parents. CONCLUSIONS:Parental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and parental separation are independent and consistent predictors of increased risk for early alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and sexual debut in offspring from families with a high risk of parental AUDs.

Dataset Information

Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Cannabis Use: Preliminary Results for the Role of Parental Care Perception.

Publications

Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Cannabis Use: Preliminary Results for the Role of Parental Care Perception.

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