Dataset Information

Genetic and physiological traits for internal phosphorus utilization efficiency in rice.

ABSTRACT: Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Phosphorus is usually applied as fertilizer obtained from rock phosphate which is a non-renewable resource. Therefore, developing rice varieties that can use P more efficiently is crucial. Here, we investigated genotypic differences in traits related to internal Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency (PUE) in five rice genotypes grown under P-deficient conditions. P-efficient rice genotypes showed higher total biomass. This was partly due to higher root biomass, which in turn relied on preferential allocation of P to roots in these genotypes. Changes in P content and tissue P concentrations were analyzed in individual leaves at different time points. Genotypes belonging to the high-PUE group responded more quickly to P starvation in terms of reducing leaf P concentrations and they were able to reduce these concentrations to a lower level compared to the low-PUE group. Changes in P concentrations were reflected in gene expression levels for genes involved in lipid remodeling. Sulfolipid (OsSQD2) and galactolipid (OsMGD and OsDGD) synthesis-related genes were generally induced due to P starvation with most pronounced up-regulation in OsDGD1 and OsMGD3, but patterns differed between genotypes. A significantly higher expression of OsDGD5 and OsMGD1 & 2 was detected in the youngest fully expanded leaf of the high-PUE genotype group, whereas expression levels were reversed in older leaves. This pattern would confirm that P efficient genotypes react faster to P starvation in terms of freeing P for redistribution to growing tissues and replacing phospholipids with galactolipids in younger leaves may contribute to this aspect.

SUBMITTER: Adem GD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7644049 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic and physiological traits for internal phosphorus utilization efficiency in rice.

Adem Getnet Dino GD Ueda Yoshiaki Y Hayes Patrick Enrico PE Wissuwa Matthias M

PloS one 20201105 11

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Phosphorus is usually applied as fertilizer obtained from rock phosphate which is a non-renewable resource. Therefore, developing rice varieties that can use P more efficiently is crucial. Here, we investigated genotypic differences in traits related to internal Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency (PUE) in five rice genotypes grown under P-deficient conditions. P-efficient rice genotypes showed higher total biomass. Thi ...[more]

PMID: 33152024

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Project description:Higher grain yield in high-yielding rice varieties is mostly driven by nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied in abundant amounts leading to increased production cost and environmental pollution. This has fueled the studies on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to decrease the N fertilizer application in rice to the possible extent. NUE is a complex physiological trait controlled by multiple genes, but yet to be completely deciphered in rice. With an objective of identifying the promising physiological traits associated with NUE in rice, the performance of 14 rice genotypes was assessed at N0, N50, N100, and N150 for four (two wet and two dry) seasons using agro-morphological, grain yield, flag leaf traits, photosynthetic pigment content, flag leaf gas exchange traits, and chlorophyll fluorescence traits. Furthermore, the data were used to derive various NUE indices to identify the most appropriate indices useful to screen rice genotypes at N50. Results indicate that with the increase in N application, cumulative grain yield increased significantly up to N100 (5.02 t ha-1); however, the increment in grain yield was marginal at N150 (5.09 t ha-1). The mean reduction of grain yield was only 26.66% at N50 ranging from 15.0% to 34.2%. The significant finding of the study is the identification of flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence traits (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ETR, and qP) and Ci associated with grain yield under N50, which can be used to screen N use efficient genotypes in rice under reduced N application. Out of nine NUE indices assessed, NUpE, NUtE, and NUEyield were able to delineate the high-yielding genotypes at N50 and were useful to screen rice under reduced N conditions. Birupa emerged as one of the high yielders under N50, even though it is a moderate yielder at N100 and infers the possibility of cultivating some of the released rice varieties under reduced N inputs. The study indicates the possibility of the existence of promising genetic variability for grain yield under reduced N, the potential of flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange traits as physiological markers and best suitable NUE indices to be deployed in rice breeding programs.

Project description:Background and aimsPhosphate (Pi) is one of the most limiting nutrients for agricultural production in Brazilian soils due to low soil Pi concentrations and rapid fixation of fertilizer Pi by adsorption to oxidic minerals and/or precipitation by iron and aluminum ions. The objectives of this study were to quantify phosphorus (P) uptake and use efficiency in cultivars of the species Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora L., and group them in terms of efficiency and response to Pi availability.MethodsPlants of 21 cultivars of C. arabica and four cultivars of C. canephora were grown under contrasting soil Pi availabilities. Biomass accumulation, tissue P concentration and accumulation and efficiency indices for P use were measured.Key resultsCoffee plant growth was significantly reduced under low Pi availability, and P concentration was higher in cultivars of C. canephora. The young leaves accumulated more P than any other tissue. The cultivars of C. canephora had a higher root/shoot ratio and were significantly more efficient in P uptake, while the cultivars of C. arabica were more efficient in P utilization. Agronomic P use efficiency varied among coffee cultivars and E16 Shoa, E22 Sidamo, Iêmen and Acaiá cultivars were classified as the most efficient and responsive to Pi supply. A positive correlation between P uptake efficiency and root to shoot ratio was observed across all cultivars at low Pi supply. These data identify Coffea genotypes better adapted to low soil Pi availabilities, and the traits that contribute to improved P uptake and use efficiency. These data could be used to select current genotypes with improved P uptake or utilization efficiencies for use on soils with low Pi availability and also provide potential breeding material and targets for breeding new cultivars better adapted to the low Pi status of Brazilian soils. This could ultimately reduce the use of Pi fertilizers in tropical soils, and contribute to more sustainable coffee production.

Project description:Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for fundamental processes in plants. Trait plasticity is crucial for plant adaptation to environmental change. Variations in traits underlie diverse phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies among plants. Nevertheless, how the intraspecific plasticity and integration of morphological traits contribute to Phosphorus-Use-Efficiency (PUE) in cotton is unknown. In this study, 25 morphological traits were evaluated in 384 cotton genotypes grown with low P (LP, 10μmol. L-1) and normal nutrition (CK, 500μmol. L-1) to assess the genetic variability of morphological traits and their relationship to phosphorus use efficiency. Results revealed a large genetic variation in mostly morphological traits under low P. Significant enhancement in root traits and phosphorus efficiency-related traits like PUE was observed at LP as compared to CK conditions. In response to low P availability, cotton genotypes showed large plasticity in shoot and total dry biomass, phosphorus, and nitrogen efficiency-related traits (i.e., phosphorus/nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus/nitrogen uptake efficiency), and most root traits, but a limited response in root dry biomass, taproot length, root surface area, root volume, and SPAD value. In addition, significant correlations were observed between PUtE (phosphorus uptake efficiency), NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), TDB (total dry biomass), and RTD (root tissue density) with PUE under both P supply level and phosphorus stress index, which may be a key indicator for improving PUE under LP conditions. Most root traits are most affected by genotypes than nutrition level. Conserved PUE is more affected by the nutrition level than the genotype effect. Principal component analysis depicted the comprehensive indicators under two P supply conditions were mainly reflected in root-related traits and morphological indicators such as dry matter biomass. These results indicate that interspecific variations exist within these cotton genotypes and traits. Our study provides suggestions for future research to enhance the ability of the earth system model to predict how crops respond to environmental interference and provide target quality for cotton breeding in phosphorus-deficient areas.

Project description:BackgroundPhosphorus is an essential nutrient in all living organisms and, currently, it is the focus of much attention due to its global scarcity, the environmental impact of phosphorus from excreta, and its low digestibility due to its storage in the form of phytates in plants. In poultry, phosphorus utilization is influenced by composition of the ileum microbiota and host genetics. In our study, we analyzed the impact of host genetics on composition of the ileum microbiota and the relationship of the relative abundance of ileal bacterial genera with phosphorus utilization and related quantitative traits in Japanese quail. An F2 cross of 758 quails was genotyped with 4k genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and composition of the ileum microbiota was characterized using target amplicon sequencing. Heritabilities of the relative abundance of bacterial genera were estimated and quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage mapping for the host was conducted for the heritable genera. Phenotypic and genetic correlations and recursive relationships between bacterial genera and quantitative traits were estimated using structural equation models. A genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and microbial (M)BLUP hologenomic selection approach was applied to assess the feasibility of breeding for improved phosphorus utilization based on the host genome and the heritable part of composition of the ileum microbiota.ResultsAmong the 59 bacterial genera examined, 24 showed a significant heritability (nominal p ≤ 0.05), ranging from 0.04 to 0.17. For these genera, six genome-wide significant QTL were mapped. Significant recursive effects were found, which support the indirect host genetic effects on the host's quantitative traits via microbiota composition in the ileum of quail. Cross-validated microbial and genomic prediction accuracies confirmed the strong impact of microbial composition and host genetics on the host's quantitative traits, as the GBLUP accuracies based on the heritable microbiota-mediated components of the traits were similar to the accuracies of conventional GBLUP based on genome-wide SNPs.ConclusionsOur results revealed a significant effect of host genetics on composition of the ileal microbiota and confirmed that host genetics and composition of the ileum microbiota have an impact on the host's quantitative traits. This offers the possibility to breed for improved phosphorus utilization based on the host genome and the heritable part of composition of the ileum microbiota.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Semi-irrigated aerobic cultivation of rice has been suggested as a potential water saving agronomy. However, suitable cultivars are needed in order to sustain yield levels. An introgression of water mining and water use efficiency (WUE) traits is the most appropriate strategy for a comprehensive genetic enhancement to develop such rice cultivars. RESULTS:We report a novel strategy of phenotyping and marker-assisted backcross breeding to introgress water mining (root) and water use efficiency (WUE) traits into a popular high yielding cultivar, IR-64. Trait donor genotypes for root (AC-39020) and WUE (IET-16348) were crossed separately and the resultant F1s were inter-mated to generate double cross F1s (DCF1). Progenies of three generations of backcross followed by selfing were charatcerised for target phenotype and genome integration. A set of 260 trait introgressed lines were identified. Root weight and root length of TILs were 53% and 23.5% higher, while ?13C was 2.85‰ lower indicating a significant increase in WUE over IR-64. Five best TILs selected from BC3F3 generation showed 52% and 63% increase in yield over IR-64 under 100% and 60% FC, respectively. The trait introgressed lines resembled IR64 with more than 97% of genome recovered with a significant yield advantage under semi-irrigated aerobic conditions The study validated markers identified earlier by association mapping. CONCLUSION:Introgression of root and WUE into IR64, resulted in an excellent yield advantage even when cultivated under semi-irrigated aerobic condition. The study provided a proof-of-concept that maintaining leaf turgor and carbon metabolism results in improved adaptation to water limited conditions and sustains productivity. A marker based multi-parent backcross breeding is an appropriate approach for trait introgression. The trait introgressed lines developed can be effectively used in future crop improvement programs as donor lines for both root and WUE.

Dataset Information

Genetic and physiological traits for internal phosphorus utilization efficiency in rice.

Publications

Genetic and physiological traits for internal phosphorus utilization efficiency in rice.

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