Dataset Information

Design and construction of a simplified, gas-driven, pressure-controlled emergency ventilator.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Due to the COVID-19 crisis or any other mass casualty situation it might be necessary to give artificial ventilation to many affected patients. Contrarily, the worldwide availability of emergency ventilators is still a shortage, especially in developing countries.

Methods

Modes of artificial ventilation were compared and the most safe, easy to use, and lung protecting principle was optimized to fit all requirements of both emergency ventilation and cost-effective mass production.

Results

The presented research results describe a simplified device for a pressure-controlled ventilation which works without electricity according to a known principle. Just pressurized gas and a patient connection is required. The device enables the control of basic ventilator parameters such as peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and the ventilation frequency. Further, the device is semiadaptive to the patient's lung stiffness and automatically maintains minute volume through frequency adjustment. The machine can be manufactured by turning, milling and drilling and needs purchased components with costs less than 100 USD. A sterilization and thus a reuse is possible.

Discussion

The presented development does not describe a ready-to-purchase ventilator, it rather outlines a refined working principle for emergency ventilation and its easiest methods of production with a minimum of requirements. The presented research aims on providing an open-source guideline for production of an emergency ventilator using worldwide available methods and thus should inspire local researchers to do a reverse engineering and eventually to put it into operation following country-specific regulations. For long-term ventilation exceeding emergency purposes, a monitoring of alarms for disconnection and violation of desired ventilator parameters should be established. The ventilator is limited to a fixed ratio between PIP and PEEP. Moreover, the ventilation frequency depends on two parameters, which needs some training. Nevertheless, the ventilator provides basic features to enable an emergency ventilation with minimal prerequisites.

SUBMITTER: Szlosarek R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7648187 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Design and construction of a simplified, gas-driven, pressure-controlled emergency ventilator.

Szlosarek R R Teichert R R Wetzel A A Fichtner A A Reuter F F Kröger M M

African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence 20201107 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Due to the COVID-19 crisis or any other mass casualty situation it might be necessary to give artificial ventilation to many affected patients. Contrarily, the worldwide availability of emergency ventilators is still a shortage, especially in developing countries.<h4>Methods</h4>Modes of artificial ventilation were compared and the most safe, easy to use, and lung protecting principle was optimized to fit all requirements of both emergency ventilation and cost-effective mass ...[more]

PMID: 33194539

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundThere is growing interest towards the use of helmet noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for the management of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Gas conditioning through heat and moisture exchangers (HME) or heated humidifiers (HHs) is needed during facemask NIV to provide a minimum level of humidity in the inspired gas (15 mg H2O/L). The optimal gas conditioning strategy during helmet NIV remains to be established.MethodsTwenty patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg) underwent consecutive 1-h periods of helmet NIV (PEEP 12 cmH2O, pressure support 12 cmH2O) with four humidification settings, applied in a random order: double-tube circuit with HHs and temperature set at 34 °C (HH34) and 37 °C (HH37); Y-piece circuit with HME; double-tube circuit with no humidification (NoH). Temperature and humidity of inhaled gas were measured through a capacitive hygrometer. Arterial blood gases, discomfort and dyspnea through visual analog scales (VAS), esophageal pressure swings (ΔPES) and simplified pressure-time product (PTPES), dynamic transpulmonary driving pressure (ΔPL) and asynchrony index were measured in each step.ResultsMedian [IqR] absolute humidity, temperature and VAS discomfort were significantly lower during NoH vs. HME, HH34 and HH37: absolute humidity (mgH2O/L) 16 [12-19] vs. 28 [23-31] vs. 28 [24-31] vs. 33 [29-38], p < 0.001; temperature (°C) 29 [28-30] vs. 30 [29-31] vs. 31 [29-32] vs 32. [31-33], p < 0.001; VAS discomfort 4 [2-6] vs. 6 [2-7] vs. 7 [4-8] vs. 8 [4-10], p = 0.03. VAS discomfort increased with higher absolute humidity (p < 0.01) and temperature (p = 0.007). Higher VAS discomfort was associated with increased VAS dyspnea (p = 0.001). Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, ΔPES, PTPES and ΔPL were similar in all conditions. Overall asynchrony index was similar in all steps, but autotriggering rate was lower during NoH and HME (p = 0.03).ConclusionsDuring 1-h sessions of helmet NIV in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure, a double-tube circuit with no humidification allowed adequate conditioning of inspired gas, optimized comfort and improved patient-ventilator interaction. Use of HHs or HME in this setting resulted in increased discomfort due to excessive heat and humidity in the interface, which was associated with more intense dyspnea. Trail Registration Registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02875379) on August 23rd, 2016.

Dataset Information

Design and construction of a simplified, gas-driven, pressure-controlled emergency ventilator.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Publications

Design and construction of a simplified, gas-driven, pressure-controlled emergency ventilator.

Similar Datasets

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