Ambient ultraviolet radiation and major salivary gland cancer in the United States.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mai ZM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7648631 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most commonly occurring type of primary liver cancer, has been increasing in incidence worldwide. Vitamin D, acquired from sunlight exposure, diet, and dietary supplements, has been hypothesized to impact hepatocarcinogenesis. However, previous epidemiologic studies examining the associations between dietary and serum vitamin D reported mixed results. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and HCC risk in the U.S.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database provided information on HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from 16 population-based cancer registries across the U.S. Ambient UV exposure was estimated by linking the SEER county with a spatiotemporal UV exposure model using a geographic information system. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ambient UV exposure per interquartile range (IQR) increase (32.4 mW/m2) and HCC risk adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, race, year of diagnosis, SEER registry, and county-level information on prevalence of health conditions, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and environmental factors.Higher levels of ambient UV exposure were associated with statistically significant lower HCC risk (n = 56,245 cases; adjusted IRR per IQR increase: 0.83, 95% CI 0.77, 0.90; p < 0.01). A statistically significant inverse association between ambient UV and HCC risk was observed among males (p for interaction = 0.01) and whites (p for interaction = 0.01).Higher ambient UV exposure was associated with a decreased risk of HCC in the U.S. UV exposure may be a potential modifiable risk factor for HCC that should be explored in future research.
| S-EPMC5562984 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There are few modifiable risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the most common cancer among young adults in Western populations. Some studies have found a reduced risk with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but findings have been inconsistent and limited to HL as a group or the most common subtypes.We evaluated UVR and incidence of HL subtypes using data from 15 population-based cancer registries in the United States from 2001 to 2010 (n=20?021). Ground-based ambient UVR estimates were linked to county of diagnosis. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for UVR quintiles using Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diagnosis year, and registry.Hodgkin lymphoma incidence was lower in the highest UVR quintile for nodular sclerosis (IRR=0.84, 95% CI=0.75-0.96, P-trend<0.01), mixed cellularity/lymphocyte-depleted (IRR=0.66, 95% CI=0.51-0.86, P-trend=0.11), lymphocyte-rich (IRR=0.71, 95% CI=0.57-0.88, P-trend<0.01), and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (IRR=0.74, 95% CI=0.56-0.97, P-trend<0.01), but 'not otherwise specified' HL (IRR=1.19, 95% CI=0.96-1.47, P-trend=0.11).This is the largest study of UVR and HL subtypes covering a wide range of UVR levels; however, we lack information on personal UVR and other individual risk factors. These findings support an inverse association between UVR and HL.
| S-EPMC4984855 | biostudies-other
Project description:Abstract Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an aggressive skin tumor. Although ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important risk factor for some skin cancer types, no population-level study has evaluated for an association between UVR and SC risk. Herein, we examined satellite-based ambient UVR in relation to SC incidence using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 cancer registry data (2000–2016). There were 3503 microscopically confirmed cases of SC diagnosed during the study period. For non-Hispanic whites, there was an association between increasing ambient UVR and SC risk (incidence rate ratio [per UVR quartile] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 1.19; two-sided P?<?.001) including among individuals with and without putative Muir-Torre syndrome. In contrast, there was no association between ambient UVR and SC risk for other race and ethnicities. Our findings support a role for UVR in SC tumorigenesis, which suggests that photoprotection may reduce SC risk, particularly for high-risk populations (eg, Muir-Torre syndrome).
| S-EPMC7190206 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ecologic studies have reported that solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is associated with cancer; however, little evidence is available from prospective studies. We aimed to assess the association between an objective measure of ambient UVR exposure and risk of total and site-specific cancer in a large, regionally diverse cohort [450,934 white, non-Hispanic subjects (50-71 years) in the prospective National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study] after accounting for individual-level confounding risk factors. Estimated erythemal UVR exposure from satellite Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data from NASA was linked to the US Census Bureau 2000 census tract (centroid) of baseline residence for each subject. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for multiple potential confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of UVR exposure. Restricted cubic splines examined nonlinear relationships. Over 9 years of follow-up, UVR exposure was inversely associated with total cancer risk (N = 75,917; highest versus lowest quartile; HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99; p-trend < 0.001). In site-specific cancer analyses, UVR exposure was associated with increased melanoma risk (highest versus lowest quartile; HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.13-1.32; p-trend < 0.001) and decreased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92) and colon (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.96), squamous cell lung (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.98), pleural (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.84), prostate (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88-0.95), kidney (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.94) and bladder (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.96) cancers (all p-trend < 0.05). We also found nonlinear associations for some cancer sites, including the thyroid and pancreas. Our results add to mounting evidence for the influential role of UVR exposure on cancer.
| S-EPMC3402606 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although there are few environmental risk factors for breast cancer, some epidemiologic studies found that exposure to solar UV radiation (UVR) may lower risk. Prior epidemiologic studies are limited by narrow ambient UVR ranges and lack lifetime exposure assessment. To address these issues, we studied a cohort with residences representing a wide range of ambient UVR. Using the nationwide U.S. Radiologic Technologists study (USRT), we examined the association between breast cancer risk and UVR based on ambient UVR, time outdoors, a combined variable of ambient UVR and time outdoors (combined UVR), and sun susceptibility factors. Participants reported location of residence and hours spent outdoors during five age periods. Ambient UVR was derived by linking satellite-based annual UVR estimates to self-reported residences. Lifetime values were calculated by averaging these measures accounting for years spent in that location. We examined the risk of breast cancer among 36,725 participants (n=716 cases) from baseline questionnaire completion (2003-2005) through 2012-2013 using Cox proportional hazards models. Breast cancer risk was unrelated to ambient UVR (HR for lifetime 5th vs 1st quintile=1.22, 95% CI: 0.95-1.56, p-trend=0.36), time outdoors (HR for lifetime 5th vs 1st quintile=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-1.10, p-trend=0.46), or combined UVR (HR lifetime 5th vs 1st quintile =0.85, 95% CI: 0.67-1.08, p-trend=0.46). Breast cancer risk was not associated with skin complexion, eye or hair color, or sunburn history. This study does not support the hypothesis that UVR exposure lowers breast cancer risk.
| S-EPMC5071147 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo report clinical outcomes in terms of disease control and toxicity in patients with major salivary gland cancers (SGCs) treated with proton beam therapy.Materials and methodsClinical and dosimetric characteristics of patients with SGCs treated from August 2011 to February 2020 on an observational, prospective, single-institution protocol were abstracted. Local control and overall survival were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. During radiation, weekly assessments of toxicity were obtained, and for patients with ≥ 90 days of follow-up, late toxicity was assessed.ResultsSeventy-two patients were identified. Median age was 54 years (range, 23-87 years). Sixty-three patients (88%) received postoperative therapy, and nine patients (12%) were treated definitively. Twenty-six patients (36%) received concurrent chemotherapy. Nine patients (12%) had received prior radiation. All (99%) but one patient received unilateral treatment with a median dose of 64 GyRBE (relative biological effectiveness) (interquartile range [IQR], 60-66), and 53 patients (74%) received intensity-modulated proton therapy with either single-field or multifield optimization. The median follow-up time was 30 months. Two-year local control and overall survival rates were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85%-99%) and 89% (95% CI 76%-95%], respectively. Radiation dermatitis was the predominant grade-3 toxicity (seen in 21% [n = 15] of the patients), and grade ≥ 2 mucositis was rare (14%; n = 10 patients). No late-grade ≥ 3 toxicities were reported.ConclusionProton beam therapy for treatment of major SGCs manifests in low rates of acute mucosal toxicity. In addition, the current data suggest a high rate of local control and minimal late toxicity.
| S-EPMC8270094 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Primary major salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) present with diverse histological types that are known to be largely radioresistant with a high tendency to develop distant metastasis (DM). Photon-based radiotherapy (RT) is limited in terms of its therapeutic effect and toxicities. In view of the physical and biological advantages of intensity-modulated proton and/or carbon-ion radiation therapy, we aimed to evaluate the short-term therapeutic effect and toxicities in patients with major SGCs treated with this form of radiation therapy. Between August 2015 and November 2019, a total of 55 consecutive and non-selected major SGC patients who received particle RT at the Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC) were retrospectively analyzed. The 2-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates, as well as prognostic factors were analyzed. Additionally, acute and late toxicities were also analyzed. With a median follow-up time of 24 (range, 6-57) months, the 2-year OS, PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS rates were 91.6%, 78.6%, 94.2%, and 83.9%, respectively. At the time of this analysis, four patients had developed local or regional recurrence, and seven additional patients had developed DM. Three patients had died due to disease progression, and another patient with recurrence experienced a late Grade 5 event (hemorrhage) at 9 months after re-irradiation with carbon ion and subsequently died. Otherwise, none of the patients had grade 3 or higher treatment-induced acute or late adverse effects except one who developed grade 3 acute mucositis. Overall, intensity-modulated proton and/or carbon-ion radiation therapy provided satisfactory therapeutic effectiveness in our major SGCs patients with a low incidence of acute and late toxicities.
| S-EPMC9761122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAntibody responses against Anopheles salivary proteins can indicate individual exposure to bites of malaria vectors. The extent to which these salivary proteins are species-specific is not entirely resolved. Thus, a better knowledge of the diversity among salivary protein repertoires from various malaria vector species is necessary to select relevant genus-, subgenus- and/or species-specific salivary antigens. Such antigens could be used for quantitative (mosquito density) and qualitative (mosquito species) immunological evaluation of malaria vectors/host contact. In this study, salivary gland protein repertoires (sialomes) from several Anopheles species were compared using in silico analysis and proteomics. The antigenic diversity of salivary gland proteins among different Anopheles species was also examined.ResultsIn silico analysis of secreted salivary gland protein sequences retrieved from an NCBInr database of six Anopheles species belonging to the Cellia subgenus (An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. stephensi and An. funestus) and Nyssorhynchus subgenus (An. albimanus and An. darlingi) displayed a higher degree of similarity compared to salivary proteins from closely related Anopheles species. Additionally, computational hierarchical clustering allowed identification of genus-, subgenus- and species-specific salivary proteins. Proteomic and immunoblot analyses performed on salivary gland extracts from four Anopheles species (An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. stephensi and An. albimanus) indicated that heterogeneity of the salivary proteome and antigenic proteins was lower among closely related anopheline species and increased with phylogenetic distance.ConclusionThis is the first report on the diversity of the salivary protein repertoire among species from the Anopheles genus at the protein level. This work demonstrates that a molecular diversity is exhibited among salivary proteins from closely related species despite their common pharmacological activities. The involvement of these proteins as antigenic candidates for genus-, subgenus- or species-specific immunological evaluation of individual exposure to Anopheles bites is discussed.
| S-EPMC3542285 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this study was to define the proteome profile of fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples of malignant major salivary gland tumors (MSGT) compared to benign counterparts, and to evaluate potential clinical correlations and future applications. Patients affected by MSGT (n = 20), pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (n = 37) and Warthin's tumor (WT) (n = 14) were enrolled. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were registered for all patients. FNA samples were processed to obtain the protein extracts. Protein separation was obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was performed to validate the 2-DE results. Statistical differences between groups were calculated by the Mann-Whitney U test for non-normal data. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate correlations among suggested protein biomarkers and clinical parameters. Twelve and 27 differentially expressed spots were found for MSGT versus PA and MSGT versus WT, respectively. Among these, annexin-5, cofilin-1, peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans-isomerase-A and F-actin-capping-alpha-1 were able to differentiate MSGT from PA, WT, and healthy samples. Moreover, STRING analysis suggested cofilin-1 as a key node of protein interactions. Some of the overexpressed proteins are related to some clinical factors of our cohort, such as survival and outcome. Our results suggest potential protein biomarkers of MSGT, which could allow for more appropriate treatment plans, as well as shedding light on the molecular pathways involved.
| S-EPMC7235111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThere is a dearth of prospective evidence regarding cancer of the major salivary glands. Outcomes and management of major salivary gland are based largely on retrospective series spanning many decades and changes in surgical, radiation, imaging and systemic therapy strategies and technique. We sought to report contemporary patterns of relapse and prognostic factors for major salivary gland cancer.Materials and methods112 patients with major salivary gland cancers underwent resection with or without adjuvant therapy between January 1997 and September 2010. Outcomes were documented with follow-up until December 2014. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed with locoregional control (LRC), distant control (DC) and overall survival (OS) as the primary outcome variables.ResultsMedian follow-up was 55.1 months. Rates of LRC for stage I/II and III/IV at five years were 95.7% and 61.9% respectively. Rates of DC at five years for stage I/II and III/IV were 93% and 56.9% respectively. Multivariate analysis identified larger tumor size, clinical nerve involvement and in parotid cancers, advanced T stage, no adjuvant radiation, and older age at diagnosis to be associated with increased risk of locoregional recurrence (all p<0.05). Distant metastasis was associated with sublingual site, degree of clinical nerve involvement, high grade, tumor size and in parotid tumors additionally deep lobe involvement on multivariate analysis (all p<0.05).ConclusionSeveral prognostic factors were identified that may help guide decisions regarding adjuvant therapy. DM remains a significant concern in the management of this disease.
| S-EPMC4515354 | biostudies-literature