Dataset Information

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_VorS-PVo5 Infection on Vibrio ordalii: A Model for Phage-Bacteria Adsorption in Aquatic Environments.

ABSTRACT: A mathematical first-order difference equation was designed to predict the dynamics of the phage-bacterium adsorption process in aquatic environments, under laboratory conditions. Our model requires knowledge of bacteria and bacteriophage concentrations and the measurements of bacterial size and velocity to predict both the number of bacteriophages adsorbed onto their bacterial host and the number of infected bacteria in a given specific time. It does not require data from previously performed adhesion experiments. The predictions generated by our model were validated in laboratory. Our model was initially conceived as an estimator for the effectiveness of the inoculation of phages as antibacterial therapy for aquaculture, is also suitable for a wide range of potential applications.

SUBMITTER: Echeverria-Vega A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7661435 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_VorS-PVo5 Infection on <i>Vibrio ordalii:</i> A Model for Phage-Bacteria Adsorption in Aquatic Environments.

Echeverría-Vega Alex A Morales-Vicencio Pablo P Saez-Saavedra Camila C Alvarez María Alejandra MA Gordillo Felipe F Del-Valle Rodrigo R Solís Ma Eugenia ME Araya Rubén R

Frontiers in microbiology 20201030

A mathematical first-order difference equation was designed to predict the dynamics of the phage-bacterium adsorption process in aquatic environments, under laboratory conditions. Our model requires knowledge of bacteria and bacteriophage concentrations and the measurements of bacterial size and velocity to predict both the number of bacteriophages adsorbed onto their bacterial host and the number of infected bacteria in a given specific time. It does not require data from previously performed a ...[more]

PMID: 33193133

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Project description:Cholera disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae infecting the lining of the small intestine and results in severe diarrhea. V. cholerae's swimming motility is known to play a crucial role in pathogenicity and may aid the bacteria in crossing the intestinal mucus barrier to reach sites of infection, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. The cell can be either pushed or pulled by its single polar flagellum, but there is no consensus on the resulting repertoire of motility behaviors. We use high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) bacterial tracking to observe V. cholerae swimming in buffer, in viscous solutions of the synthetic polymer PVP, and in mucin solutions that may mimic the host environment. We perform a statistical characterization of its motility behavior on the basis of large 3D trajectory data sets. We find that V. cholerae performs asymmetric run-reverse-flick motility, consisting of a sequence of a forward run, reversal, and a shorter backward run, followed by a turn by approximately 90°, called a flick, preceding the next forward run. Unlike many run-reverse-flick swimmers, V. cholerae's backward runs are much shorter than its forward runs, resulting in an increased effective diffusivity. We also find that the swimming speed is not constant but subject to frequent decreases. The turning frequency in mucin matches that observed in buffer. Run-reverse-flick motility and speed fluctuations are present in all environments studied, suggesting that these behaviors also occur in natural aquatic habitats as well as the host environment. IMPORTANCE Cholera disease produces vomiting and severe diarrhea and causes approximately 100,000 deaths per year worldwide. The disease is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae colonizing the lining of the small intestine. V. cholerae's ability to swim is known to increase its infectivity, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. One possibility is that swimming aids in crossing the protective mucus barrier that covers the lining of the small intestine. Our work characterizing how V. cholerae swims in environments that mimic properties of the host environment may advance the understanding of how motility contributes to infection.

Project description:UnlabelledThe genetic heterogeneity of the close relatives Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii, both serious pathogens of fish causing extensive losses in aquaculture, was studied. Eight housekeeping genes, i.e., atpA, ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, rpoA, topA, and pyrH, were partially sequenced in 116 isolates from diverse fish species and geographical areas. The eight genes appear to be under purifying selection, and the genetic diversity in the total data set was estimated to be 0.767 ± 0.026. Our multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme identified several widespread clonal complexes and resolved the isolates, for the most part, according to serotype. Serotype O2b isolates from diseased cod in Norway, Ireland, and Scotland were found to be extremely homogeneous. Horizontal gene transfer appears to be fairly common within and between clonal complexes. Taken together, MLSA and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) calculations suggest that some isolates previously characterized as V ordalii, i.e., 12B09, FF93, FS144, and FS238, are in fact V. anguillarum isolates. The precise taxonomic situation for two isolates from Atlantic cod that display several traits consistent with V. ordalii, i.e., NVI 5286 and NVI 5918, and a single environmental strain that was previously considered to represent V. ordalii, i.e., FF167, is less clear.ImportanceIt is still being debated whether V. anguillarum and V ordalii represent separate bacterial species. Our study addresses this issue and elucidates the degree of genetic variability within this group of closely related bacteria, based on a substantial number of isolates. Our results clearly illustrate the existence of different populations among putative V ordalii isolates. On the basis of additional full-length genomic analysis, we conclude that most environmental isolates previously identified as V ordalii lie firmly within the species V. anguillarum While bona fide fish-pathogenic V ordalii isolates display a very close genetic relationship with V. anguillarum, they combine a clearly divergent evolutionary pattern with clear phenotypic differences. The study also highlights the need for further characterization of fish-pathogenic isolates from the northern Atlantic region that share phenotypic characteristics with V. ordalii but are genetically closer to V. anguillarum The retention of taxonomic distinctions between the phenotypically different groups of bacteria is of practical advantage to microbial ecologists and veterinarians.

Dataset Information

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_VorS-PVo5 Infection on Vibrio ordalii: A Model for Phage-Bacteria Adsorption in Aquatic Environments.

Publications

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_VorS-PVo5 Infection on <i>Vibrio ordalii:</i> A Model for Phage-Bacteria Adsorption in Aquatic Environments.

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