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Extracellular Vesicles in Head and Neck Cancer: A Potential New Trend in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.

ABSTRACT: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a fatal and debilitating disease that is characterized by steady, poor survival rates despite advances in treatment. There is an urgent and unmet need to improve our understanding of what drives this insidious cancer and causes poor outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles that originate from tumor cells, immune cells, and other cell types and are secreted into plasma, saliva, and other bio-fluids. EVs represent dynamic, real-time changes of cells and offer an exciting opportunity to improve our understanding of HNC biology that may translate to improved clinical practice. Considering the amplified interest in EVs, we have sought to provide a contemporary review of the most recent and salient literature that is shaping the field. Herein, we discuss the functionality of EVs in HNCs and their clinical potential with regards to biomarker and therapeutic capabilities.

SUBMITTER: Qu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7662588 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Extracellular Vesicles in Head and Neck Cancer: A Potential New Trend in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.

Qu Xinyu X Li Jing-Woei JW Chan Jason J Meehan Katie K

International journal of molecular sciences 20201104 21

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a fatal and debilitating disease that is characterized by steady, poor survival rates despite advances in treatment. There is an urgent and unmet need to improve our understanding of what drives this insidious cancer and causes poor outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles that originate from tumor cells, immune cells, and other cell types and are secreted into plasma, saliva, and other bio-fluids. EVs represent dynamic, real-time changes of cells a ...[more]

PMID: 33158181

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Project description:Background In Head and neck cancer (HNC) angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from HNC cell lines alter endothelial cell (EC) functions towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype. However, the role of plasma sEVs retrieved from HNC patients in this process is not clear so far. Methods Plasma sEVs were isolated on size exclusion chromatography columns from 32 HNC patients (early-stage UICC I/II: 8, advanced-stage UICC III/IV: 24), 12 patients with no evident disease after therapy (NED) and 16 healthy donors (HD). Briefly, sEVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), BCA protein assays and Western blots. Levels of angiogenesis-associated proteins were determined using antibody arrays. The interaction of fluorescently-labeled sEVs with human umbilical vein ECs was visualized by confocal microscopy. The functional effect of sEVs on tubulogenesis, migration, proliferation and apoptosis of ECs was assessed. Results The internalization of sEVs by ECs was visualized using confocal microscopy. Based on antibody arrays, all plasma sEVs were enriched in anti-angiogenic proteins. HNC sEVs contained more pro-angiogenic MMP-9 and anti-angiogenic proteins (Serpin F1) than HD sEVs. Interestingly, a strong inhibition of EC function was observed for sEVs from early-stage HNC, NED and HD. In contrast, sEVs from advanced-stage HNC showed a significantly increased tubulogenesis, migration and proliferation and induced less apoptosis in ECs than sEVs from HD. Conclusions In general, plasma sEVs carry a predominantly anti-angiogenic protein cargo and suppress the angiogenic properties of ECs, while sEVs from (advanced-stage) HNC patients induce angiogenesis compared to HD sEVs. Thus, tumor-derived sEVs within the plasma of HNC patients might shift the angiogenic switch towards angiogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-023-00659-w.

Dataset Information

Extracellular Vesicles in Head and Neck Cancer: A Potential New Trend in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.

Publications

Extracellular Vesicles in Head and Neck Cancer: A Potential New Trend in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.

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