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Sampling technique biases in the analysis of fruit fly volatiles: a case study of Queensland fruit fly.

ABSTRACT: Diverse methods have been used to sample insect semiochemicals. Sampling methods can differ in efficiency and affinity and this can introduce significant biases when interpreting biological patterns. We compare common methods used to sample tephritid fruit fly rectal gland volatiles ('pheromones'), focusing on Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. Solvents of different polarity, n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol, were compared using intact and crushed glands. Polydimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene and polyacrylate were compared as adsorbents for solid phase microextraction. Tenax-GR and Porapak Q were compared as adsorbents for dynamic headspace sampling. Along with compounds previously reported for B. tryoni, we detected five previously unreported compounds in males, and three in females. Dichloromethane extracted more amides while there was no significant difference between the three solvents in extraction of spiroacetals except for (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane for which n-hexane extracted higher amount than both dichloromethane and ethanol. Ethanol failed to contain many of the more volatile compounds. Crushed rectal gland samples provided higher concentrations of extracted compounds than intact rectal gland samples, but no compounds were missed in intact samples. Of solid phase microextraction fibers, polyacrylate had low affinity for spiroacetals, ethyl isobutyrate and ethyl-2-methylbutanoate. Polydimethylsiloxane was more efficient for spiroacetals while type of fiber did not affect the amounts of amides and esters. In dynamic headspace sampling, Porapak was more efficient for ethyl isobutyrate and spiroacetals, while Tenax was more efficient for other esters and amides, and sampling time was a critical factor. Biases that can be introduced by sampling methods are important considerations when collecting and interpreting insect semiochemical profiles.

SUBMITTER: Noushini S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7666149 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sampling technique biases in the analysis of fruit fly volatiles: a case study of Queensland fruit fly.

Noushini Saeedeh S Park Soo Jean SJ Jamie Ian I Jamie Joanne J Taylor Phillip P

Scientific reports 20201113 1

Diverse methods have been used to sample insect semiochemicals. Sampling methods can differ in efficiency and affinity and this can introduce significant biases when interpreting biological patterns. We compare common methods used to sample tephritid fruit fly rectal gland volatiles ('pheromones'), focusing on Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. Solvents of different polarity, n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol, were compared using intact and crushed glands. Polydimethylsiloxane, polydim ...[more]

PMID: 33188282

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Project description:Divergence between populations in mating behaviour can function as a potent premating isolating mechanism and promote speciation. However, very few cases of inherited intraspecific variation in sexual signalling have been reported in tephritid fruit flies, despite them being a highly speciose family. We tested for such variation in one tephritid, the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Qfly). Qfly mating behaviour depends on volatiles secreted from male rectal glands but no role for the volatiles from female rectal glands has yet been reported. We previously detected over 100 volatile compounds in male rectal glands and identified over 30 of them. Similar numbers were recorded in females. However, many compounds showed presence/absence differences between the sexes and many others showed quantitative differences between them. Here we report inherited variation among 24 Qfly lines (23 isofemale lines established from recent field collections and one domesticated line) in the abundance of three esters, two alcohols, two amides, an aldehyde and 18 unidentified volatiles in male rectal glands. We did not find any compounds in female rectal glands that varied significantly among the lines, although this may at least partly reflect lower female sample numbers. Most of the 26 male compounds that differed between lines were more abundant in the domesticated line than any of the recently established isofemale lines, which concurs with other evidence for changes in mating behaviour during domestication of this species. There were also large differences in several of the 26 compounds among the isofemale lines, and some of these differences were associated with the regions from which the lines were collected. While some of the variation in different compounds was correlated across lines, much of it was not, implicating involvement of multiple genes. Our findings parallel reports of geographic variation in other Qfly traits and point to inherited differences in reproductive physiology that could provide a basis for evolution of premating isolation between ecotypes.

Dataset Information

Sampling technique biases in the analysis of fruit fly volatiles: a case study of Queensland fruit fly.

Publications

Sampling technique biases in the analysis of fruit fly volatiles: a case study of Queensland fruit fly.

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