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Regulation of chlorogenic acid, flavonoid, and iridoid biosynthesis by histone H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in Lonicera japonica.

ABSTRACT: Lonicera japonica is used in Chinese herbal medicines with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties associated with chlorogenic acid, flavonoid and iridoid. The biosynthesis of these compounds could be affected by genetic inheritance and epigenetic modification. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds are rarely known. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the biosynthesis gene expression of these compounds was related to histone H3K4 and H3K9 methylation levels. These active compounds content of L. japonica were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. H3K4me3 showed a positive correlation with chlorogenic acid and loganic acid content, and H3K9me positively correlated with luteolin content. The correlation between histone methylation levels and the levels of luteolin and loganic acid in L. japonica from different producing areas validate the regulatory role of histone methylation in biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. Our study demonstrated a potential regulatory network of H3K9/H3K4 methylation to gene expression and content of secondary metabolites, and provided a basis for understanding the mechanism underlying the variation of major bioactive compounds in L. japonica.

SUBMITTER: Liu T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7666716 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Regulation of chlorogenic acid, flavonoid, and iridoid biosynthesis by histone H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in Lonicera japonica.

Liu Tianrui T Yang Jian J Liu Shuang S Zhao Yuyang Y Zhou Junhui J Jin Yan Y Huang Luqi L Yuan Yuan Y

Molecular biology reports 20201115 12

Lonicera japonica is used in Chinese herbal medicines with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties associated with chlorogenic acid, flavonoid and iridoid. The biosynthesis of these compounds could be affected by genetic inheritance and epigenetic modification. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds are rarely known. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the biosynthesis gene expression of these compounds was related to hi ...[more]

PMID: 33190199

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Project description:BackgroundLonicera japonica is an important medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. The pharmacological activities of L. japonica are mainly due to its rich natural active ingredients, most of which are secondary metabolites. CYP450s are a large, complex, and widespread superfamily of proteins that participate in many endogenous and exogenous metabolic reactions, especially secondary metabolism. Here, we identified CYP450s in L. japonica transcriptome and analyzed CYP450s that may be involved in chlorogenic acid (CGA) biosynthesis.MethodsThe recent availability of L. japonica transcriptome provided opportunity to identify CYP450s in this herb. BLAST based method and HMM based method were used to identify CYP450s in L. japonica transcriptome. Then, phylogenetic analysis, conserved motifs analysis, GO annotation, and KEGG annotation analyses were conducted to characterize the identified CYP450s. qRT-PCR was used to explore expression patterns of five CGA biosynthesis related CYP450s.ResultsIn this study, 151 putative CYP450s with complete cytochrome P450 domain, which belonged to 10 clans, 45 families and 76 subfamilies, were identified in L. japonica transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis classified these CYP450s into two major branches, A-type (47%) and non-A type (53%). Both types of CYP450s had conserved motifs in L. japonica. The differences of typical motif sequences between A-type and non-A type CYP450s in L. japonica were similar with other plants. GO classification indicated that non-A type CYP450s participated in more molecular functions and biological processes than A-type. KEGG pathway annotation totally assigned 47 CYP450s to 25 KEGG pathways. From these data, we cloned two LjC3Hs (CYP98A subfamily) and three LjC4Hs (CYP73A subfamily) that may be involved in biosynthesis of CGA, the major ingredient for pharmacological activities of L. japonica. qRT-PCR results indicated that two LjC3Hs exhibited oppositing expression patterns during the flower development and LjC3H2 exhibited a similar expression pattern with CGA concentration measured by HPLC. The expression patterns of three LjC4Hs were quite different and the expression pattern of LjC4H3 was quite similar with that of LjC3H1.DiscussionOur results provide a comprehensive identification and characterization of CYP450s in L. japonica. Five CGA biosynthesis related CYP450s were cloned and their expression patterns were explored. The different expression patterns of two LjC3Hs and three LjC4Hs may be due to functional divergence of both substrate and catalytic specificity during plant evolution. The co-expression pattern of LjC3H1 and LjC4H3 strongly suggested that they were under coordinated regulation by the same transcription factors due to same cis elements in their promoters. In conclusion, this study provides insight into CYP450s and will effectively facilitate the research of biosynthesis of CGA in L. japonica.

Project description:Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is a traditional medicinal plant in China that is particularly rich in chlorogenic acids, which are phenolic compounds with various medicinal properties. This study aimed to examine the effects of salinity stress on accumulation of chlorogenic acids in honeysuckle, through hydroponic experiments and field trials, and to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects. NaCl stress stimulated the transcription of genes encoding key enzymes in the synthesis of chlorogenic acids in leaves; accordingly, the concentrations of chlorogenic acids in leaves were significantly increased under NaCl stress, as was antioxidant activity. Specifically, the total concentration of leaf chlorogenic acids was increased by 145.74 and 50.34% after 30 days of 150 and 300 mM NaCl stress, respectively. Similarly, the concentrations of chlorogenic acids were higher in the leaves of plants in saline, compared with non-saline, plots, with increases in total concentrations of chlorogenic acids of 56.05 and 105.29% in October 2014 and 2015, respectively. Despite leaf biomass reduction, absolute amounts of chlorogenic acids per plant and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity were significantly increased by soil salinity, confirming that the accumulation of chlorogenic acids in leaves was a result of stimulation of their synthesis under salinity stress. Soil salinity also led to elevated chlorogenic acid concentrations in honeysuckle flower buds, with significant increases in total chlorogenic acids concentration of 22.42 and 25.14% in May 2014 and 2015, respectively. Consistent with biomass reduction, the absolute amounts of chlorogenic acid per plant declined in flower buds of plants exposed to elevated soil salinity, with no significant change in PAL activity. Thus, salinity-induced chlorogenic acid accumulation in flower buds depended on an amplification effect of growth reduction. In conclusion, salinity stress improved the medicinal quality of honeysuckle by promoting accumulation of chlorogenic acids, however, the mechanisms underlying this process were not consistent in flower buds and leaves. Honeysuckle appears to be a promising plant for cultivation in saline land. Our study deepens knowledge of medicinal plant ecology and may provide a guide for developing saline agriculture.

Dataset Information

Regulation of chlorogenic acid, flavonoid, and iridoid biosynthesis by histone H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in Lonicera japonica.

Publications

Regulation of chlorogenic acid, flavonoid, and iridoid biosynthesis by histone H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in Lonicera japonica.

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