A high-performance potassium metal battery using safe ionic liquid electrolyte.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sun H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7668001 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:A liquid-like poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) with a very low glass transition temperature of -51 °C and a thermal decomposition temperature of 202.7 °C was synthesized. A PIL-based electrolyte by mixing this poly(ionic liquid) with additives of 10 wt % propylene carbonate and 0.1 M LiClO4 is proved to be an excellent electrolyte for lithium-ion battery. The obtained PIL-based electrolyte exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 8.3 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 25 °C and 2.0 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 60 °C and a wide electrochemical potential window up to 5.61 V at 25 °C and 4.14 V at 60 °C. The Li/LiFePO4 batteries equipped with this PIL-based electrolyte achieve high capacity, outstanding cycling stability and rate capability at 25 °C, and even improved performance at high temperature like 60 °C. Such excellent performances of batteries are attributed to the formation of stable solid-electrolyte interface film at the lithium-electrolyte interface and the stability of electrolyte during cycling.
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Project description:The increasing need in the development of storage devices is calling for the formulation of alternative electrolytes, electrochemically stable and safe over a wide range of conditions. To achieve this goal, electrolyte chemistry must be explored to propose alternative solvents and salts to the current acetonitrile (ACN) and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (Et4NBF4) benchmarks, respectively. Herein, phenylacetonitrile (Ph-ACN) has been proposed as a novel alternative solvent to ACN in supercapacitors. To establish the main advantages and drawbacks of such a substitution, Ph-ACN + Et4NBF4 blends were formulated and characterized prior to being compared with the benchmark electrolyte and another alternative electrolyte based on adiponitrile (ADN). While promising results were obtained, the low Et4NBF4 solubility in Ph-ACN seems to be the main limiting factor. To solve such an issue, an ionic liquid (IL), namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide (EmimTFSI), was proposed to replace Et4NBF4. Unsurprisingly, the Ph-ACN + EmimTFSI blend was found to be fully miscible over the whole range of composition giving thus the flexibility to optimize the electrolyte formulation over a large range of IL concentrations up to 4.0 M. The electrolyte containing 2.7 M of EmimTFSI in Ph-ACN was identified as the optimized blend thanks to its interesting transport properties. Furthermore, this blend possesses also the prerequisites of a safe electrolyte, with an operating liquid range from at least -60 °C to +130 °C, and operating window of 3.0 V and more importantly, a flash point of 125 °C. Finally, excellent electrochemical performances were observed by using this electrolyte in a symmetric supercapacitor configuration, showing another advantage of mixing an ionic liquid with Ph-ACN. We also supported key structural descriptors by density functional theory (DFT) and COnductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) calculations, which can be associated to physical and electrochemical properties of the resultant electrolytes.
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