Dataset Information
Predominant patterns of ?-lactam hypersensitivity in a single German Allergy Center: exanthem induced by aminopenicillins, anaphylaxis by cephalosporins.
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ABSTRACT:
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data from 800 consecutive patients with suspected ?-lactam hypersensitivity over a period of 11 years in a single German Allergy Center.
Results: ?-lactam hypersensitivity was definitely excluded in 595 patients, immediate-type (presumably IgE-mediated) hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 70 and delayed-type hypersensitivity in 135 cases. Most (59 out of 70, 84.3%) immediate-type anaphylactic reactions were induced by a limited number of cephalosporins. Delayed reactions were regularly caused by an aminopenicillin (127 out of 135, 94.1%) and usually manifested as a measles-like exanthem (117 out of 135, 86.7%). Intradermal testing proved to be the most useful method for diagnosing ?-lactam allergy, but prick testing was already positive in 24 out of 70 patients with immediate-type hypersensitivity (34.3%). Patch testing in addition to intradermal testing did not provide additional information for the diagnosis of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Almost all ?-lactam allergic patients tolerated at least one, usually several alternative substances out of the ?-lactam group.
Conclusions: We identified two patterns of ?-lactam hypersensitivity: aminopenicillin-induced exanthem and anaphylaxis triggered by certain cephalosporins. Intradermal skin testing was the most useful method to detect both IgE-mediated and delayed-type ?-lactam hypersensitivity.
SUBMITTER: Schrufer P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7672956 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Predominant patterns of β-lactam hypersensitivity in a single German Allergy Center: exanthem induced by aminopenicillins, anaphylaxis by cephalosporins.
Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 20201117 1
<h4>Background</h4>Penicillins and other β-lactam antibiotics are the most common elicitors of allergic drug reaction. However, data on the pattern of clinical reaction types elicited by specific β-lactams are scarce and inconsistent. We aimed to determine patterns of β-latam allergy, i.e. the association of a clinical reaction type with a specific β-lactam antibiotic.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrospectively evaluated data from 800 consecutive patients with suspected β-lactam hypersensitivity over a p ...[more]