Social inclusion level of Spanish and foreign adolescents: Proposal for an evaluation instrument.
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ABSTRACT: Supplementary information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-020-01201-5.
SUBMITTER: Moyano M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7673581 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study examined the role of group norms, group identity, age, contact, and stereotypes on youths' decisions to include a peer in an intergroup context portraying Lebanese and American adolescents. Lebanese participants (N = 275), ages 12 and 16 years, were surveyed about expectations for inclusion of an out-group target with similar interests or an in-group target with different interests into their own Lebanese group or another American group. Findings indicated participants focused on shared interests, rather than national identity, when making inclusion decisions for either group and group norms mattered. Older participants expected American peers to be less inclusive towards an out-group peer. Direct contact predicted inclusivity of out-group American peers into one's own Lebanese group, and indirect media-based contact predicted expectations for inclusivity into an American out-group. Findings have implications for interventions aimed at improving cross-national friendships which, in turn, have the potential to reduce prejudicial attitudes.
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Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (S-PPLI) questionnaire in Spanish adolescents.MethodThe participants of this study were 360 Spanish adolescents (aged 12-17 years) from three secondary schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain). A cultural adaptation process of the original version of the PPLI questionnaire was developed. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to test the three-factor structure of physical literacy. Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed to estimate the test-retest concordance.ResultsUsing a confirmatory factor analysis, the factor loading of all items above the standard of 0.40 ranged from 0.53 to 0.77, suggesting that the observed variables sufficiently represented the latent variables. Analyses for convergent validity showed average variance extracted values that ranged from 0.40 to 0.52 and composite reliability values higher than 0.60. All the correlations were below the recommended cutoff point of 0.85, which indicated that the three physical literacy factors achieved adequate discriminant validity. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.62 to 0.79 (p < 0.001 for all items), which indicated moderate/good reliability.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the S-PPLI is a valid and reliable measure of physical literacy among Spanish adolescents.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:The main aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic and family factors associated with binge drinking (BD) in Spanish adolescents who participated in a web-based computer intervention for the prevention of binge drinking known as Alerta Alcohol. METHODS:Longitudinal analyses were carried out in a sample of Andalusian adolescents aged 15 to 19 enrolled in public schools, which was part of a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial with an intervention group (IG) who received the Alerta Alcohol programme and a control group (CG) who did not receive any active intervention. Panel count data and the following econometric procedures were used: negative binomial, a two-part model and a finite mixture model. The endogenous variable in all models was the number of BD occasions in the last 30?days. A total of 1247 subjects in the pre-intervention period, with an average age of 16.8?years, plus 612 adolescents in the follow-up period (4 months later), were included in the analysis. RESULTS:In relation to findings, being older (? 17?years old), having more pocket money and higher family alcohol consumption were associated with greater BD. By contrast, subjects who completed the questionnaire on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, further from the previous weekend, indicated a lower number of BD occasions. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest the need to include families, especially parents and siblings, in interventions aimed at preventing alcohol use among adolescents, given the association shown between BD and both family alcohol consumption and weekly pocket money or availability of money to adolescents. Given the findings with regard to age, future research aimed at intervening in early adolescence to prevent BD would be justified. TRIAL REGISTRATION:(ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT03288896. Registration date: September 20, 2017. "Retrospectively registered".
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Project description:BackgroundAdolescents who are socially excluded are at increased risk of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Promoting social inclusion could be an effective strategy for preventing and treating adolescent depression and anxiety.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of intervention studies which aimed to prevent or treat adolescent depression and/or anxiety by promoting social inclusion. Throughout the review we engaged a youth advisory group of 13 young people (aged 21-24) from Uganda, Turkey, Syria, South Africa, and Egypt.ResultsWe identified 12 studies relevant to our review. The interventions tested use a range of different strategies to increase social inclusion and reduce depression and anxiety, including social skills training, psychoeducation, teaching life skills training, and cash transfers. Pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) based on random-effects models showed medium-to-large benefits of interventions on improving depression and anxiety symptoms (n = 8; SMD = -0.62; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.01, p < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough there are not many studies, those which have been done show promising results that strongly suggest that social inclusion could be an important component of programmes to promote adolescent mental health.
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Project description:The Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S), which is a measure of core psychological assets based on a higher-order model of Covitality, is comprised of 36 items and four latent traits (with three measured subscales): belief in self (self-efficacy, self-awareness, and persistence), belief in others (school support, family coherence, and peer support), emotional competence (emotional regulation, behavioral self-control, and empathy), and engaged living (gratitude, zest, and optimism). Previous international studies have supported the psychometric properties of the SEHS-S. The present study extended this research by examining the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language adaptation with a sample of 1042 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 14.49, SD = 1.65.). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original factorial structure, with hierarchical omega between 0.66-0.93, with 0.94 for the total score. Factorial invariance across genders revealed small latent mean differences. A path model evaluated concurrent validity, which revealed a significant association between Covitality and bidimensional mental health (psychological distress and well-being). Specifically, correlational analyses showed a negative association with internalizing/externalizing symptoms, and positive associations with subjective well-being, health-related quality of life, and prosocial behaviors. This study provides an example of a culturally relevant adaptation of an international tool to measure student strengths, which is critical to planning school programming and policy.
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Project description:Road infrastructures represent a key point in the development of smart cities. In any case, the environmental impact of road traffic should be carefully assessed. Acoustic noise is one of the most important issues to be monitored by means of sound level measurements. When a large measurement campaign is not possible, road traffic noise predictive models (RTNMs) can be used. Standard RTNMs present in literature usually require in input several information about the traffic, such as flows of vehicles, percentage of heavy vehicles, average speed, etc. Many times, the lack of information about this large set of inputs is a limitation to the application of predictive models on a large scale. In this paper, a new methodology, easy to be implemented in a sensor concept, based on video processing and object detection tools, is proposed: the Equivalent Acoustic Level Estimator (EAgLE). The input parameters of EAgLE are detected analyzing video images of the area under study. Once the number of vehicles, the typology (light or heavy vehicle), and the speeds are recorded, the sound power level of each vehicle is computed, according to the EU recommended standard model (CNOSSOS-EU), and the Sound Exposure Level (SEL) of each transit is estimated at the receiver. Finally, summing up the contributions of all the vehicles, the continuous equivalent level, Leq, on a given time range can be assessed. A preliminary test of the EAgLE technique is proposed in this paper on two sample measurements performed in proximity of an Italian highway. The results will show excellent performances in terms of agreement with the measured Leq and comparing with other RTNMs. These satisfying results, once confirmed by a larger validation test, will open the way to the development of a dedicated sensor, embedding the EAgLE model, with possible interesting applications in smart cities and road infrastructures monitoring. These sites, in fact, are often equipped (or can be equipped) with a network of monitoring video cameras for safety purposes or for fining/tolling, that, once the model is properly calibrated and validated, can be turned in a large scale network of noise estimators.
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Project description:BackgroundThe Spanish-speaking population in the U.S. is large and growing and is known to have lower health literacy than the English-speaking population. Less is known about the health numeracy of this population due to a lack of health numeracy measures in Spanish.Objectivewe aimed to develop and validate a short and easy to use measure of health numeracy for Spanish-speaking adults: the Spanish Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (Spanish-NUMi).DesignItems were generated based on qualitative studies in English- and Spanish-speaking adults and translated into Spanish using a group translation and consensus process. Candidate items for the Spanish NUMi were selected from an eight-item validated English Short NUMi. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) was conducted to evaluate equivalence between English and Spanish items. Cronbach's alpha was computed as a measure of reliability and a Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the association between test scores and the Spanish Test of Functional Health Literacy (S-TOFHLA) and education level.ParticipantsTwo-hundred and thirty-two Spanish-speaking Chicago residents were included in the study.Key resultsThe study population was diverse in age, gender, and level of education and 70 % reported Mexico as their country of origin. Two items of the English eight-item Short NUMi demonstrated DIF and were dropped. The resulting six-item test had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.72, a range of difficulty using classical test statistics (percent correct: 0.48 to 0.86), and adequate discrimination (item-total score correlation: 0.34-0.49). Scores were positively correlated with print literacy as measured by the S- TOFHLA (r?=?0.67; p?<?0.001) and varied as predicted across grade level; mean scores for up to eighth grade, ninth through twelfth grade, and some college experience or more, respectively, were 2.48 (SD?±?1.64), 4.15 (SD?±?1.45), and 4.82 (SD?±?0.37).ConclusionsThe Spanish NUMi is a reliable and valid measure of important numerical concepts used in communicating health information.
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