Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rubin LH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7673651 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms.
Rubin Leah H LH Neigh Gretchen N GN Sundermann Erin E EE Xu Yanxun Y Scully Eileen P EP Maki Pauline M PM
Current psychiatry reports 20190914 10
<h4>Purpose of review</h4>Sex differences in cognitive function are well documented yet few studies had adequate numbers of women and men living with HIV (WLWH; MLWH) to identify sex differences in neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and the factors contributing to NCI. Here, we review evidence that WLWH may be at greater risk for NCI.<h4>Recent findings</h4>We conducted a systematic review of recent studies of NCI in WLWH versus MLWH. A power analysis showed that few HIV studies have sufficient pow ...[more]
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Project description:IntroductionRecent theorizing differentiates key constraints on cognition, including one's current range of processing efficiency (i.e., flexibility or inconsistency) as well as the capacity to expand flexibility over time (i.e., plasticity). The present study uses intensive assessment of response time data to examine the interplay between markers of intraindividual variability (inconsistency) and gains across biweekly retest sessions (plasticity) in relation to age-related cognitive function.MethodParticipants included 304 adults (aged 64 to 92 years: M = 74.02, SD = 5.95) from Project MIND, a longitudinal burst design study assessing performance across micro and macro intervals (response latency trials, weekly bursts, annual retests). For two reaction time (RT) measures (choice RT and one-back choice RT), baseline measures of RT inconsistency (intraindividual standard deviation, ISD, across trials at the first testing session) and plasticity (within-person performance gains in average RT across the 5 biweekly burst sessions) were computed and were then employed in linear mixed models as predictors of individual differences in cognitive function and longitudinal (6-year) rates of cognitive change.ResultsIndependent of chronological age and years of education, higher RT inconsistency was associated uniformly with poorer cognitive function at baseline and with increased cognitive decline for measures of episodic memory and crystallized verbal ability. In contrast, predictive associations for plasticity were more modest for baseline cognitive function and were absent for 6-year cognitive change.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the potential utility of response times for articulating inconsistency and plasticity as dynamic predictors of cognitive function in older adults.
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| S-EPMC8427674 | biostudies-literature