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Assembly of the algal CO₂-fixing organelle, the pyrenoid, is guided by a Rubisco-binding motif.

ABSTRACT: Approximately one-third of the Earth's photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation occurs in a pyrenoid, an organelle containing the CO₂-fixing enzyme Rubisco. How constituent proteins are recruited to the pyrenoid and how the organelle's subcompartments-membrane tubules, a surrounding phase-separated Rubisco matrix, and a peripheral starch sheath-are held together is unknown. Using the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we found that pyrenoid proteins share a sequence motif. We show that the motif is necessary and sufficient to target proteins to the pyrenoid and that the motif binds to Rubisco, suggesting a mechanism for targeting. The presence of the Rubisco-binding motif on proteins that localize to the tubules and on proteins that localize to the matrix-starch sheath interface suggests that the motif holds the pyrenoid's three subcompartments together. Our findings advance our understanding of pyrenoid biogenesis and illustrate how a single protein motif can underlie the architecture of a complex multilayered phase-separated organelle.

SUBMITTER: Meyer MT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7673724 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Rubisco small subunits in the green algal genus Chloromonas provide insights into evolutionary loss of the eukaryotic carbon-concentrating organelle, the pyrenoid.

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