Dataset Information

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan.

ABSTRACT: Present study aimed at investigating the magnitude of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among four Salmonella spp. i.e., S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium. Raw milk and environment samples were collected from the five districts of southern part of the province of Punjab in Pakistan i.e., Multan, Bahawalpur, Lodhran, Dera Ghazi Khan and Muzaffargarh. Extent of antibiotic resistance was also determined and classified as resistant, intermediate and susceptible. District-wise prevalence data on Salmonella spp. in milk and environmental samples indicated higher S. typhi, S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium count in Bahawalpur, D.G. Khan and Muzaffargarh districts, respectively. Amongst 13 tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol and ofloxacin were found to be the most susceptible against Salmonella spp. Increased emergence of antibacterial resistance was noted with respect to the type of antibiotics among Salmonella spp. isolates. The study suggests serious interventions to be practiced by the farmers and raw milk vendors in animal husbandry and milk marketing, respectively to curb the burden of Salmonella spp. prevalence in milk. Further, active engagement of animal health division and enforcement agencies to ensure sagacious use of antibiotics at farm level may also help in containment of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp.

SUBMITTER: Qamar A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7676730 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan.

Qamar Aftab A Ismail Tariq T Akhtar Saeed S

PloS one 20201119 11

Present study aimed at investigating the magnitude of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among four Salmonella spp. i.e., S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium. Raw milk and environment samples were collected from the five districts of southern part of the province of Punjab in Pakistan i.e., Multan, Bahawalpur, Lodhran, Dera Ghazi Khan and Muzaffargarh. Extent of antibiotic resistance was also determined and classified as resistant, intermediate and susceptible. Dist ...[more]

PMID: 33211713

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Project description:One of the main global concerns is the usage and spread of antibiotic resistant Salmonella serovars. The animals, humans, and environmental components interact and contribute to the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, directly or indirectly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated from the environment, animals, and humans in South Africa by a systematic review and meta-analysis. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to search four databases for studies published from 1980 to 2021, that reported the antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated in South Africa. The AR was screened from 2930 Salmonella serotypes which were isolated from 6842 samples. The Western Cape province had high pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of Salmonella isolates with AR profiles followed by North West, Gauteng, and Eastern Cape with 94.3%, 75.4%, 59.4%, and 46.2%, respectively. The high PPE and heterogeneity were observed from environmental samples [69.6 (95% CI: 41.7-88.3), Q = 303.643, I2 = 98.353, Q-P = 0.045], animals [41.9 (95% CI: 18.5-69.5), Q = 637.355, I2 = 98.745, Q-P = 0.577], as well as animals/environment [95.9 (95% CI: 5.4-100), Q = 55.253, I2 = 96.380, Q-P = 0.300]. The majority of the salmonella isolates were resistant to sulphonamides (92.0%), enrofloxacin and erythromycin (89.3%), oxytetracycline (77.4%), imipenem (72.6%), tetracycline (67.4%), as well as trimethoprim (52.2%), among the environment, animals, and humans. The level of multidrug-resistance recorded for Salmonella isolates was 28.5% in this review. This study has highlighted the occurrence of AR by Salmonella isolates from animals, humans, and environmental samples in South Africa and this calls for a consolidated "One Health" approach for antimicrobial resistance epidemiological research, as well as the formulation of necessary intervention measures to prevent further spread.

Project description:Plant species of the Poaceae family are not only used as fodder and forage but also contribute substantially to the treatment of various health disorders, particularly in livestock. Consequently, the present study was aimed to document the therapeutic uses of Poaceae practiced by the inhabitants of the Punjab Province for the treatment of various veterinary health disorders. Semi structured interviews, group discussion and field walks were conducted to collect the data. Quantitative indices including cultural significance index (CSI), relative frequency of citations (RFC), fidelity level (FL), relative popularity level (RPL), and Jaccard Index (JI) were used for the data analysis. Traditional uses of 149 species belonging to 60 genera and 16 tribes of 5 sub families of Poaceae were recorded. Whole plants and leaves were the most consistently used parts with 40.94 and 29.53%. The plants were mainly given orally as fodder (59 reports) without processing followed by decoction (35 reports). Most of the species were employed to treat infectious diseases (25.93%), and digestive disorders (14.10%). Triticum aestivum had the highest CSI, RFC and RPL levels at 8.00, 0.96, 1.00, respectively, followed by Oryza sativa and Poa annua. Likewise, T. aestivum and Saccharum spontaneum had 100% FL and ROP. Jaccard index ranged from 12.25 to 0.37. Twelve plant species namely Chrysopogon zizanioides (anti-inflammatory), Pennisetum lanatum (improve bull fertility), Cymbopogon citratus (glandular secretion), Sorghum saccharatum and Themeda triandra (malaria), Aristida funiculate (anticancer), Koeleria argentia (skin allergies), Tetrapogon villosus (antibacterial), Cynodon radiatus (eyes infection), Sporobolus nervosa (Jaundice), Enneapogon persicus (antifungal), and Panicum repens (dysfunctional cattle organs) were reported for the first time, with novel ethnoveterinary uses. The inhabitants of the study area had a strong association with their surrounding plant diversity and possessed significant knowledge on therapeutic uses of Poaceae to treat various health disorders in animals. Plant species with maximum cultural and medicinal values could be a potential source of novel drugs to cure health disorders in animals and human as well.

Project description:BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are amongst the leading public health concerns in Pakistan with a high disease burden. Despite the availability of effective antiviral treatments in the country the disease burden in general population has not lowered. This could be attributed to the asymptomatic nature of this infection that results in lack of diagnosis until the late symptomatic stage. To better estimate and map HCV infections in the country a population-based analysis is necessary for an effective control of the infection.MethodsSerologic samples of ~66,000 participants from all major cities of the Punjab province were tested for anti-HCV antibodies. The antibody-based seroprevalence was associated with socio-demographic variables including geographical region, age, gender and sex, and occupation.ResultsOverall serological response to HCV surface antigens was observed in over 17% of the population. Two of the districts were identified with significantly high prevalence in general population. Analysis by occupation showed significantly high prevalence in farmers (over 40%) followed by jobless and retired individuals, laborers and transporters. A significant difference in seroprevalence was observed in different age groups amongst sex and genders (male, female and transgender) with highest response in individuals of over 40 years of age. Moreover, most of the tested IDUs showed positive response for anti-HCV antibody.ConclusionThis study represents a retrospective analysis of HCV infections in general population of the most populated province of Pakistan to identify socio-demographic groups at higher risk. Two geographical regions, Faisalabad and Okara districts, and an occupational group, farmers, were identified with significantly high HCV seroprevalence. These socio-demographic groups are the potential focused groups for follow-up studies on factors contributing to the high HCV prevalence in these groups towards orchestrating effective prevention, control and treatment.

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Dataset Information

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan.

Publications

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan.

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