Dataset Information

Comparison of Humoral Immune Responses to Different Forms of Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Biovar Gallinarum.

ABSTRACT: Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG), and live attenuated, rough vaccine strains have been used. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are involved in protection, but the humoral responses to different forms of SG antigens are unclear. In this study, we compared humoral responses to a killed oil-emulsion (OE) smooth vaccine (SG002) and its rough mutant vaccine (SR2-N6) strains using proteomics techniques. We identified two immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OmpA and OmpX), and the selected linear epitopes were successfully applied in peptide-ELISA. Our peptide- and total OMP-ELISAs were used to compare the temporal humoral responses to various SG antigens: OE SG002 and SR2-N6; live, killed [PBS-suspension (PS) and OE)] and mixed (live and PS) formulations of another rough vaccine strain (SG 9R); and orally challenge with a field strain. Serum antibodies to the linear epitopes of OmpA and OmpX lasted only for the first 2 weeks, but serum antibodies against OMPs increased over time. The rough strain (SR2-N6) and mixed SG 9R induced higher serum antibody titers than the smooth strain (SG002) and single SG 9R (OE, live and PS SG 9R), respectively. Infection with the field strain delayed the serum antibody response by ~2 weeks. Mucosal immunity was not induced by any formulation, except for infection with the field strain after SG 9R vaccination. Thus, our results may be useful to understand humoral immunity against various SG antigens and to improve vaccine programs and serological diagnosis in the field.

SUBMITTER: Kim NH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7677237 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Comparison of Humoral Immune Responses to Different Forms of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Gallinarum Biovar Gallinarum.

Kim Nam-Hyung NH Ha Eun-Jin EJ Ko Dae-Sung DS Choi Kang-Seuk KS Kwon Hyuk-Joon HJ

Frontiers in veterinary science 20201106

Fowl typhoid is caused by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG), and live attenuated, rough vaccine strains have been used. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are involved in protection, but the humoral responses to different forms of SG antigens are unclear. In this study, we compared humoral responses to a killed oil-emulsion (OE) smooth vaccine (SG002) and its rough mutant vaccine (SR2-N6) strains using proteomics techniques. We identified two immunogeni ...[more]

PMID: 33240965

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Project description:Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S Pullorum) is the etiological agent of pullorum disease, causing white diarrhea with high mortality in chickens. There are many unsolved issues surrounding the epidemiology of S Pullorum, including its origin and transmission history as well as the discordance between its phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic monomorphism. In this paper, we report the results of whole-genome sequencing of a panel of 97 S Pullorum strains isolated between 1962 and 2014 from four countries across three continents. We utilized 6,795 core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree within a spatiotemporal Bayesian framework, estimating that the most recent common ancestor of S Pullorum emerged in ?914 CE (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 565 to 1273 CE). The extant S Pullorum strains can be divided into four distinct lineages, each of which is significantly associated with geographical distribution. The intercontinental transmissions of lineages III and IV can be traced to the mid-19th century and are probably related to the "Hen Fever" prevalent at that time. Further genomic analysis indicated that the loss or pseudogenization of functional genes involved in metabolism and virulence in S Pullorum has been ongoing since before and after divergence from the ancestor. In contrast, multiple prophages and plasmids have been acquired by S Pullorum, and these have endowed it with new characteristics, especially the multidrug resistance conferred by two large plasmids in lineage I. The results of this study provide insight into the evolution of S Pullorum and prove the efficiency of whole-genome sequencing in epidemiological surveillance of pullorum disease.IMPORTANCE Pullorum disease, an acute poultry septicemia caused by Salmonella Gallinarum biovar Pullorum, is fatal for young chickens and is a heavy burden on poultry industry. The pathogen is rare in most developed countries but still extremely difficult to eliminate in China. Efficient epidemiological surveillance necessitates clarifying the origin of the isolates from different regions and their phylogenic relationships. Genomic epidemiological analysis of 97 S Pullorum strains was carried out to reconstruct the phylogeny and transmission history of S Pullorum. Further analysis demonstrated that functional gene loss and acquisition occurred simultaneously throughout the evolution of S Pullorum, both of which reflected adaptation to the changing environment. The result of our study will be helpful in surveillance and prevention of pullorum disease.

Project description:Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum cause severe chicken salmonellosis, a disease associated with high mortality and morbidity among chickens worldwide. The conventional serotyping and biochemical reactions have been used to identify Salmonella serovars. However, the conventional methods are complicated, time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. Furthermore, it is challenging to distinguish S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum via biochemical assays and serotyping because of their antigenic similarity. Although various PCR methods were established, a PCR protocol to detect and discriminate S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum simultaneously is lacking. Herein, a one-step multiplex PCR method was established for the accurate identification and discrimination of S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum. Three specific genes were used for the multiplex PCR method, with the I137_14445 and ybgL genes being the key targets to identify and differentiate S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum, and stn being included as a reference gene for the Salmonella genus. In silico analysis showed that the I137_14445 gene is present in all Salmonella serovars, except for S. Gallinarum, and could therefore be used for the identification of S. Gallinarum. A 68-bp sequence deficiency in ybgL was found only in S. Pullorum compared to other Salmonella serovars, and this could therefore be used for the specific identification of S. Pullorum. The developed PCR assay was able to distinguish S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum among 75 various Salmonella strains and 43 various non-Salmonella pathogens with excellent specificity. The detection limit for the genomic DNA of S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum was 21.4 pg./μL, and the detectable limit for bacterial cells was 100 CFU. The developed PCR method was used for the analysis of Salmonella isolates in a chicken farm. This PCR system successfully discriminated S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum from other different Salmonella serovars. The PCR results were confirmed by the conventional serotyping method. The newly established multiplex PCR is a simple, accurate, and cost-effective method for the timely identification and differentiation of S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum.

Dataset Information

Comparison of Humoral Immune Responses to Different Forms of Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Biovar Gallinarum.

Publications

Comparison of Humoral Immune Responses to Different Forms of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Gallinarum Biovar Gallinarum.

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