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Do soil amendments used to improve agricultural productivity have consequences for soils contaminated with heavy metals?

ABSTRACT: This study presents an analysis of the effects of manure and lime commonly used to improve agricultural productivity and evaluates the potential for such soil amendments to mobilise/immobilise metal fractions in soils contaminated from nearby mine tailings in the Zambian Copperbelt. Lime and manure were applied at the onset of the study, and their effects were studied over two planting seasons, i.e. 2016-17 and 2017-18. Operationally defined plant-available Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil, were determined by extraction with DTPA-TEA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-triethanolamine) and 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)₂, before, and after, applying the amendments. In unamended soils, Cd was the most available and Ni the least. Lime application decreased extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The response to lime was greater in soils with an initially acidic pH than in those with approximately neutral pH values. Manure increased DTPA extractable Zn, but decreased DTPA and Ca(NO₃)₂ extractable Cd, Cu and Pb. Combined lime and manure amendment exhibited a greater reduction in DTPA extractable Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, as well as for Ca(NO₃)₂ extractable Cd compared to separate applications of lime and manure. The amendments had a significant residual effect on most of the soil fractions between season 1 and 2. The results obtained in this study showed that soil amendment with minimal lime and manure whilst benefiting agricultural productivity, may significantly reduce the mobility or plant availability of metals from contaminated agricultural soils. This is important in contaminated, typical tropical soils used for crop production by resource poor communities affected by mining or other industrial activities.

SUBMITTER: Kaninga B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7679254 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Do soil amendments used to improve agricultural productivity have consequences for soils contaminated with heavy metals?

Kaninga Belinda B Chishala Benson H BH Maseka Kakoma K KK Sakala Godfrey M GM Young Scott D SD Lark R Murray RM Tye Andrew A Hamilton Elliott M EM Gardner Amanda A Watts Michael J MJ

Heliyon 20201117 11

This study presents an analysis of the effects of manure and lime commonly used to improve agricultural productivity and evaluates the potential for such soil amendments to mobilise/immobilise metal fractions in soils contaminated from nearby mine tailings in the Zambian Copperbelt. Lime and manure were applied at the onset of the study, and their effects were studied over two planting seasons, i.e. 2016-17 and 2017-18. Operationally defined plant-available Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil, wer ...[more]

PMID: 33251364

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Project description:Industrialization plays a vital role in the development of a country’s economy. However, it also adversely affects the environment by discharging various unwanted and harmful substances such as heavy metals into the surface and subsurface aquifers. The current research work investigates the identification, characterization, and evaluation of specific heavy metals in industrial wastewater (IWW) and different composite samples of soil and vegetables (onion, pumpkin, lady finger, and green pepper) collected from selected agricultural fields irrigated with canals fed IWW in Mingora city of Swat (Pakistan). Obtained results were compared with the tube well water irrigated soil and vegetables grown in it. Heavy metals accumulation was tested through wet digestion method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The metal transfer factor (MTF) of heavy metals from soil to vegetables was also determined along with the health index (HI) to assess the potential health risk of the metals towards consumers using Monte Carlo simulation technique. Analysis of water samples showed that the concentration in mg l-1 of heavy metals in IWW follows the trend Fe (6.72) > Cr (0.537) > Pb (0.393) > Co (0.204) > Mn (0.125) > Ni (0.121). Analysis of the soil samples irrigated with IWW followed the order of Fe (47.27) > Pb (2.92) > Cr (2.90) >Ni (1.02) > Mn (0.90) > Co (0.68) and Fe (17.12) > Pb (2.12) > Cr (2.03) >Ni (0.76) > Co (0.49) > Mn (0.23) irrigated with TWW. Heavy metals concentration values found in soil irrigated with IWW were higher than the soil irrigated with TWW. Similar trends were found for agricultural produces grown on soil irrigated with IWW and found higher than the normal allowable WHO limits, indicating higher possibilities of health risks if continuously consumed. MTF values were found higher than 1 for ladyfinger and green pepper for Pb intake and pumpkin for Mn intake. The current study suggests the continuous monitoring of soil, irrigation water and agricultural products to prevent heavy metals concentration beyond allowable limits, in the food chain. Thus, concrete preventive measures must be taken to reduce heavy metal accumulation through wastewater irrigation to protect both human and animal health in the study area of Mingora Swat Pakistan.

Project description:Coal bottom ash (CBA) was modified on the basis of the engineering problems of low resource utilization of CBA and difficulty in treating HMS through alkali activation to synthesize geopolymers and solidify heavy metal-contaminated soil (HMS). The optimal values of geopolymers were selected through response surface methodology. Their mineral compositions, microstructure, and binding energy were determined through X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy tests, respectively. The stress-strain curve, the leaching concentration and fraction of heavy metals, and the solidifying mechanism for remolded soil were determined through unconfined compressive strength, leaching toxicity, sequential chemical extraction, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy tests, respectively. Based on these experiments, the following conclusions were presented. The optimum ratios of CBA-based geopolymers were n(Si) : n(Al) = 2.666, n(Na) : n(Al) = 0.687, and n(water) : n(binder) = 2.422. The X-ray curves of the geopolymers were obvious hump-like protuberances at diffraction angles of 20-35° and had a dense amorphous structure on the surface. The maximum binding energies of Si 2p and Al 2p decreased to 101.03 and 72.89 eV, respectively. A 3D network polymerized because of strong geopolymerization. The maximum axial stress of the remolded soil was 104.91% higher than that of the undisturbed soil, and the leaching concentration decreased by more than 45.88%. The leaching toxicity met the requirements of standard GB 5085.3-2007. The proportion of the acid-extractable fraction of heavy metals in the remolded soil decreased, whereas the proportion of residual fraction increased. The stretching vibration of Si-O-Si (Al) and the bending vibration of Si-O-Si appeared in the IR spectrum. The soil particles were completely encapsulated by a hardened geopolymer structure, thereby forming a multilayer space-skeleton barrier structure that could greatly improve the mechanical properties.

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Do soil amendments used to improve agricultural productivity have consequences for soils contaminated with heavy metals?

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Do soil amendments used to improve agricultural productivity have consequences for soils contaminated with heavy metals?

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