Dataset Information

Role of motor function and lung function in pathways to ageing and decline.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Extensive research has investigated the association between age changes in various domains, including lung function and motor function. However, a few analyses have tested models that incorporate bidirectional longitudinal influences between lung and motor function to test the temporal chain of events in the disability process. Dual change score models (DCSM) assist with identification of leading indicators of change by leveraging longitudinal data to examine the extent to which changes in one variable influence subsequent changes in a second variable, and vice versa. AIMS:The purpose of the current-analysis study was to apply DCSM to data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of ageing to examine the nature of the longitudinal relationship between motor functioning and lung function. METHODS:Three motor functioning factors were created from 20 performance measures, including measures of balance, flexibility, and fine motor skills. Peak expiratory flow measured lung function. Participants were 829 adults aged 50-88 at the first of 9 waves of testing covering a 27-year follow-up period; 80% participated in at least three waves. RESULTS:Model comparisons indicated that decline in lung function preceded and contributed to subsequent decline in motor function. DISCUSSION:Combined with previous results, these results suggest that declining lung function results in increasing difficulties in motor function, which contribute to subsequent declines in multiple domains. CONCLUSION:Understanding the cascade of events that can lead to dependence can help in the development of interventions targeted early in the disablement process.

SUBMITTER: Finkel D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7680325 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of motor function and lung function in pathways to ageing and decline.

Finkel Deborah D Ernsth Bravell Marie M Pedersen Nancy L NL

Aging clinical and experimental research 20200213 12

<h4>Background</h4>Extensive research has investigated the association between age changes in various domains, including lung function and motor function. However, a few analyses have tested models that incorporate bidirectional longitudinal influences between lung and motor function to test the temporal chain of events in the disability process. Dual change score models (DCSM) assist with identification of leading indicators of change by leveraging longitudinal data to examine the extent to whi ...[more]

PMID: 32056153

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Project description:ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review investigating the normal age-related changes in lung function in adults without known lung disease.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched for eligible studies from inception to February 12, 2019, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists and clinical trial registries.Eligibility criteriaWe planned to include prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials (control arms) that measured changes in lung function over time in asymptomatic adults without known respiratory disease.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently determined the eligibility of studies, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsFrom 4385 records screened, we identified 16 cohort studies with 31 099 participants. All included studies demonstrated decline in lung function-forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) with age. In studies with longer follow-up (>10 years), rates of FEV1 decline ranged from 17.7 to 46.4 mL/year (median 22.4 mL/year). Overall, men had faster absolute rates of decline (median 43.5 mL/year) compared with women (median 30.5 mL/year). Differences in relative FEV1 change, however, were not observed between men and women. FEV1/FVC change was reported in only one study, declining by 0.29% per year. An age-specific analysis suggested the rate of FEV1 function decline may accelerate with each decade of age.ConclusionsLung function-FEV1, FVC and PEFR-decline with age in individuals without known lung disease. The definition of chronic airway disease may need to be reconsidered to allow for normal ageing and ensure that people likely to benefit from interventions are identified rather than healthy people who may be harmed by potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The first step would be to apply age, sex and ethnicity-adjusted FEV1/FVC thresholds to the disease definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Prospero registration numberCRD42018087066.

Project description:Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized disease, more common in older adults, which manifests as a loss of muscle strength and mass. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is still poorly understood with many mechanisms suggested. Age associated changes to the neuromuscular architecture, including motor units and their constituent muscle fibres, represent one such mechanism. Electromyography can be used to distinguish between different myopathies and produce counts of motor units. Evidence from electromyography studies suggests that with age, there is a loss of motor units, increases to the sizes of remaining units, and changes to their activity patterns. However, electromyography is invasive, can be uncomfortable, does not reveal the exact spatial position of motor units within muscle and is difficult to perform in deep muscles. We present a novel diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging technique called 'motor unit magnetic resonance imaging (MUMRI)'. MUMRI aims to improve our understanding of the changes to the neuromuscular system associated with ageing, sarcopenia and other neuromuscular diseases. To date, we have demonstrated that MUMRI can be used to detect statistically significant differences in fasciculation rate of motor units between (n = 4) patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (mean age ± SD: 53 ± 15) and a group of (n = 4) healthy controls (38 ± 7). Patients had significantly higher rates of fasciculation compared with healthy controls (mean = 99.1/min, range = 25.7-161.0 in patients vs. 7.7/min, range = 4.3-9.7 in controls; P < 0.05. MUMRI has detected differences in size, shape, and distribution of single human motor units between (n = 5) young healthy volunteers (29 ± 2.2) and (n = 5) healthy older volunteers (65.6 ± 14.8). The maximum size of motor unit territories in the older group was 12.4 ± 3.3 mm and 9.7 ± 2.7 mm in the young group; P < 0.05. MUMRI is an entirely non-invasive tool, which can be used to detect physiological and pathological changes to motor units in neuromuscular diseases. MUMRI also has the potential to be used as an intermediate outcome measure in sarcopenia trials.

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Role of motor function and lung function in pathways to ageing and decline.

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Role of motor function and lung function in pathways to ageing and decline.

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