Dataset Information

SPOCK2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major types of lung cancer. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are positively associated with overall survival (OS) in LUAD. The SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) is a complex type of secreted proteoglycan involved in forming a protective barrier against viral infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SPOCK2 and TIICs and the prognostic role of SPOCK2 in LUAD. The GEPIA2, GEO, CPTAC, and HPA databases were analyzed to examine both the mRNA and protein expression of SPOCK2 in LUAD. GEPIA2 and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter (KM Plotter) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SPOCK2 in LUAD patients. TCGA data were examined for a correlation between SPOCK2 expression and clinical characteristics. Gene enrichment analyses were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of SPOCK2 based on LinkedOmics. RegNetwork was used to predict the regulators of SPOCK2. The correlation between SPOCK2 and TIICs, including immune infiltration level and relative proportion was investigated via TIMER. KM Plotter was also used to evaluate the prognostic role of SPOCK2 expression in LUAD with enriched and decreased TIIC subgroups. We found SPOCK2 was significantly downregulated in LUAD compared with that in non-tumor controls and was correlated with clinical parameters. Moreover, a high SPOCK2 expression level predicted better survival. The SPOCK2-associated regulatory network was constructed. SPOCK2 influenced the TIIC infiltration level and relative proportion in LUAD. Furthermore, a high SPOCK2 expression level was associated with a favorable prognosis in enriched CD4 + T cells and macrophage subgroups in LUAD. In conclusion, a high level of SPOCK2 expression predicted favorable prognosis and was significantly correlated with TIICs in LUAD. Therefore, the expression of SPOCK2 may affect the prognosis of LUAD partly due to TIICs.

SUBMITTER: Zhao J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7683796 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SPOCK2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Zhao Jinming J Cheng Ming M Gai Junda J Zhang Ruochen R Du Tengjiao T Li Qingchang Q

Frontiers in genetics 20201110

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major types of lung cancer. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are positively associated with overall survival (OS) in LUAD. The SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) is a complex type of secreted proteoglycan involved in forming a protective barrier against viral infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SPOCK2 and TIICs and the prognostic role of SPOCK2 in LUAD. The GEPIA2, GEO ...[more]

PMID: 33244319

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Project description:BackgroundB-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) has been revealed to be involved in the occurrence and development of multiple cancers. However, the role of BTG2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still ambiguous. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prognostic value of BTG2 and its correlation with immune infiltration in LUAD.MethodsThe expression of BTG2 in LUAD was analyzed using the TIMER and UALCAN databases. The correlations between BTG2 expression and clinicopathological factors were investigated using the UALCAN databases. The Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEPIA, and TCGA databases were employed to assess the prognostic value of BTG2. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct an interaction network and mine co-expression genes. The TISIDB database was examined for a correlation between BTG2 and driver genes in LUAD. Enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes and BTG2 was performed using the LinkedOmics database. Finally, the correlations between BTG2 and immune infiltrates were investigated using the TIMER, GEO, and TISIDB database.ResultsBTG2 was significantly downregulated in LUAD. The decreased expression of BTG2 in LUAD was significantly correlated with higher cancer stages and shorter duration of overall survival. The expressions of BTG2-related co-expression genes were associated with the prognosis in LUAD. The expression of BTG2 was closely associated with the mutations of TP53 and ROS1. Enrichment analysis revealed that BTG2 was significantly correlated with immune-associated signaling pathways and function. In addition, the expression of BTG2 was found to be closely related to immune infiltration, multiple gene markers of immune cells, chemokines, and chemokine receptors.ConclusionOur findings have effectively demonstrated that BTG2 expression was downregulated in LUAD, indicating poor prognosis. Closely relating to immune cell infiltration, BTG2 may be a promising immune-related biomarker and molecular target for patients with LUAD.

Project description:Background: aldolase A (ALDOA) has been reported to be involved in kinds of cancers. However, the role of ALDOA in lung adenocarcinoma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the prognostic value and correlation with immune infiltration of ALDOA in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: The expression of ALDOA was analyzed with the Oncomine database, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Mann-Whitney U test was performed to examine the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and ALDOA expression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier method were conducted to describe the diagnostic and prognostic importance of ALDOA. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape were used to construct PPI networks and identify hub genes. Functional annotations and immune infiltration were conducted. Results: The mRNA and protein expression of ALDOA were higher in lung adenocarcinoma than those in normal tissues. The overexpression of ALDOA was significantly correlated with the high T stage, N stage, M stage, and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier showed that high expression of ALDOA was correlated with short overall survival (38.9 vs 72.5 months, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that ALDOA (HR 1.435, 95%CI, 1.013-2.032, p = 0.042) was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. Functional enrichment analysis showed that positively co-expressed genes of ALDOA were involved in the biological progress of mitochondrial translation, mitochondrial translational elongation, and negative regulation of cell cycle progression. KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment function in carbon metabolism, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The "SCNA" module analysis indicated that the copy number alterations of ALDOA were correlated with three immune cell infiltration levels, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells. The "Gene" module analysis indicated that ALDOA gene expression was negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages. Conclusion: Our study suggested that upregulated ALDOA was significantly correlated with tumor progression, poor survival, and immune infiltrations in lung adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that ALDOA is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.

Dataset Information

SPOCK2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Publications

SPOCK2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

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